which statement describes the claim? the writer’s family is an average american family struggling to pay for health care. health care will continue to rise by 3 to 25 percent each year for the next 10 years. health insurance is becoming too expensive for most american families to afford. the average american family is paying more for health insurance than they did before.
James
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get which statement describes the claim? the writer’s family is an average american family struggling to pay for health care. health care will continue to rise by 3 to 25 percent each year for the next 10 years. health insurance is becoming too expensive for most american families to afford. the average american family is paying more for health insurance than they did before. from EN Bilgi.
Americans’ Challenges with Health Care Costs
This brief summarizes KFF's most recent polling on the public’s experiences and challenges with health care costs, and it highlights the consequences of high health care costs on the uninsured and those with lower incomes.
Americans’ Challenges with Health Care Costs
Audrey Kearney
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, Liz Hamel
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, Mellisha Stokes , and Mollyann Brodie
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Published: Dec 14, 2021
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FINDINGS APPENDICES ENDNOTES
As the COVID-19 pandemic has dragged on and much of the national health care discussion has focused on hospital capacity, health care worker burnout, COVID-19 vaccination, and other measures to protect public health, the high cost of health care continues to be a burden on U.S. families. As KFF polling has found for many years, health care costs factor into decisions about insurance coverage and care seeking, and rank as a top financial worry. This data note summarizes recent KFF polling on the public’s experiences with health care costs. Main takeaways include:
Many U.S. adults have difficulty affording various health care and dental costs. These difficulties are comparable to – and in many cases higher than – the shares who have difficulty affording other household costs, such as rent, transportation, and food. Furthermore, substantial shares of adults older than 65 report difficulty paying for various aspects of health care, especially services not generally covered by Medicare, such as hearing services, dental and prescription drug costs.The cost of health care often prevents people from getting needed care or filling prescriptions. Half of U.S. adults say they put off or skipped some sort of health care or dental care in the past year because of the cost. Three in ten (29%) also report not taking their medicines as prescribed at some point in the past year because of the cost.High health care costs disproportionately affect uninsured adults, Black and Hispanic adults, and those with lower incomes. Larger shares of U.S. adults in each of these groups report difficulty affording various types of care and delaying or forgoing medical care due to the cost.However, those who are covered by health insurance are not immune to the burden of health care costs. Nearly half (46%) of insured adults report difficulty affording their out-of-pocket costs, and one in four (27%) report difficulty affording their deductible.Difficulty paying medical bills can have significant consequences for U.S. families. In March 2019, about one-fourth of U.S. adults (26%) reported that they or a household member have had problems paying medical bills in the past year, and about half of this group (12% of all adults) said the bills had a major impact on their family. Medical bill problems also disproportionately affect those without health insurance, those with lower household incomes, and adults in households where they or a member of their household has a serious health condition.Difficulty Affording Medical Costs
Health care costs top the list of expenses that people report difficulty affording. Substantial shares of adults in the U.S. report difficulty paying for various aspects of health care including nearly half who report having difficulty paying for dental care (46%) and a similar share of insured adults who report difficulty affording out-of-pocket costs not covered by their insurance (46%). These shares are substantially higher than the shares who report difficulty affording other household expenses such as rent or mortgage, gasoline, monthly utilities, or food and groceries. In addition to these costs, one-third report difficult paying for hearing or vision care (33%), while about one-quarter say the same about their prescription drugs (26%). Among the insured, about one-quarter (27%) say their monthly premium is difficult to afford. Those with lower incomes, Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to report difficulty affording some medical costs. See Appendix table A.1 for breaks by socioeconomic and health status.
Affording dental, hearing, and vision care is also an issue among adults 65 and older as those benefits are not generally covered by Medicare.1 See the October 2021 Health Tracking Poll for a deeper dive into health care costs and challenges among older adults.
The cost of care can also lead some adults to skip or delay seeking services. Half of adults (51%) report they have delayed or gone without certain medical care during the past year due to cost. Dental services are the most common type of medical care that people report delaying or skipping, with 39% of adults saying they have put it off in the past year due to cost. This is followed by vision services (28%), visits to a doctor’s offices (24%), mental health care (17%), hospital services (13%), and hearing aids (9%).
About six in ten Black and Hispanic adults (58% each) report delaying or skipping at least one type of medical care in the past year due to cost, compared to half (49%) of White adults. Similarly, about six in ten (63%) adults with household incomes under $40,000 and 55% of those with incomes between $40,000 and $89,999 report delaying some sort of care due to cost, compared to three in ten (31%) of those in hoseholds making $90,000 or more annually. See Apendix table A.2 for additional breaks by socioeconomic and health status.
Besides differences by income and race or ethnicity, a KFF report from 2019 found that people without health insurance were disproportionately likely to put off or skip medical care or take over-the-counter medicines instead of prescription drugs due to costs. Three-fourths of adults 18-64 (76%) without health insurance reported this, compared to half (52%) of adults with health insurance.
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Effects of Health Insurance on Health
This chapter presents the Committee's review of studies that address the impact of health insurance on various health-related outcomes. It examines research on the relationship between health insurance (or lack of insurance), use of medical care and health outcomes for specific conditions and types of services, and with overall health status and mortality. There is a consistent, positive relationship between health insurance coverage and health-related outcomes across a body of studies that use a variety of data sources and different analytic approaches. The best evidence suggests that health insurance is associated with more appropriate use of health care services and better health outcomes for adults.
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Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late.
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ContentsHardcopy Version at National Academies Press
< PrevNext >3Effects of Health Insurance on Health
This chapter presents the Committee's review of studies that address the impact of health insurance on various health-related outcomes. It examines research on the relationship between health insurance (or lack of insurance), use of medical care and health outcomes for specific conditions and types of services, and with overall health status and mortality. There is a consistent, positive relationship between health insurance coverage and health-related outcomes across a body of studies that use a variety of data sources and different analytic approaches. The best evidence suggests that health insurance is associated with more appropriate use of health care services and better health outcomes for adults.
The discussion of the research in this chapter is organized within sections that encompass virtually all of the research literature on health outcomes and insurance status that the Committee identified. The chapter sections include the following:
Primary prevention and screening services
Cancer care and outcomes
Chronic disease management, with specific discussions of diabetes, hypertension, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), HIV disease, and mental illness
Hospital-based care (emergency services, traumatic injury, cardiovascular disease)
Overall mortality and general measures of health status
The Committee consolidated study results within categories that reflect both diseases and services because these frameworks helped in summarizing the individual studies and subsumed similar research structures and outcome measures. Older studies and those of lesser relevance or quality are not discussed within this chapter devoted to presenting study results and reaching Committee findings. However, all of the studies reviewed are described briefly in Appendix B.
The studies presented in some detail in this chapter are those that the Committee judged to be both methodologically sound and the most informative regarding health insurance effects on health-related outcomes.1 Most studies report a positive relationship between health insurance coverage and measured outcomes. However, all studies with negative results that are contrary to the Committee's findings are presented and discussed in this chapter. Appendix B includes summaries of the complete set of studies that the Committee reviewed.
In the pages that follow, the Committee's findings introduce each of the five major sections listed above and also some of the subsections under chronic disease and hospital-based care. All of the Committee's specific findings are also presented together in Box 3.12 in the concluding section of this chapter. These findings are the basis for the Committee's overall conclusions in Chapter 4.
BOX 3.12
Specific Committee Findings. Uninsured adults are less likely than adults with any kind of health coverage to receive preventive and screening services and less likely to receive these services on a timely basis. Health insurance that provides more extensive (more...)
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PRIMARY PREVENTION AND SCREENING SERVICES
Finding: Uninsured adults are less likely than adults with any kind of health coverage to receive preventive and screening services and less likely to receive these services on a timely basis. Health insurance that provides more extensive coverage of preventive and screening services is likely to result in greater and more appropriate use of these services.Finding: Health insurance may reduce racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of preventive and screening services.These findings have important implications for health outcomes, as can be seen in the later sections on cancer and chronic diseases. For prevention and screening services, health insurance facilitates both the receipt of services and a continuing care relationship or regular source of care, which also increases the likelihood of receiving appropriate care.
Insurance benefits are less likely to include preventive and screening services (Box 3.2) than they are physician visits for acute care or diagnostic tests for symptomatic conditions. However, over time, coverage of preventive and screening services has been increasing. In 1998, about three-quarters of adults with employment-based health insurance had a benefit package that included adult physical examinations; two years later in 2000, the proportion had risen to 90 percent (KPMG, 1998; Kaiser Family Foundation/HRET, 2000). Yet even if health insurance benefit packages do not cover preventive or screening services, those with health insurance are more likely to receive these recommended services because they are more likely to have a regular source of care, and having a regular source of care is independently associated with receiving recommended services (Bush and Langer, 1998; Gordon et al., 1998; Mandelblatt et al., 1999; Zambrana et al., 1999; Cummings et al., 2000; Hsia et al., 2000; Breen et al., 2001). The effect of having health insurance is more evident for relatively costly services, such as mammograms, than for less costly services, such as a clinical breast exam (CBE) or Pap test (Zambrana et al., 1999; Cummings et al., 2000; O'Malley et al., 2001).
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