which of the following terms most precisely identifies the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
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Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? a. catalysis b. metabolism c. anabolism d. condensation e. catabolism
Answer to: Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? a. catalysis b. metabolism...
Metabolism
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into...
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Question:
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
a. catalysis b. metabolism c. anabolism d. condensation e. catabolism
Cellular Processes:
The processes that are conducted within a cell are a result of various chemical reactions. During these processes, either a large molecule is formed by the joining of small molecules, or a large molecule breaks down into smaller molecules.
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The correct answer is option e.aCatalysis is the process that includes the use of a catalyst. There occurs an increase in the rate of the...
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Catabolism: Definition & Examples
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Chapter 3 / Lesson 20
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What is catabolism? Learn the catabolism definition. Read about muscle catabolism and protein catabolism. Also, see catabolism examples and reaction examples.
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Overview of metabolism (article)
Overview of metabolic pathways, energy flow in a cell, and anabolism and catabolism.
Cellular energy
Overview of metabolism
Overview of metabolic pathways, energy flow in a cell, and anabolism and catabolism.
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Introduction
What’s going on in your body right now? Your first answer might be that you’re hungry, or that your muscles are sore from a run, or that you feel tired. But let’s go even deeper, moving past the layer of your consciousness and looking at what’s going in your cells.
If you could peek inside of any cell in your body, you’d find that it was a remarkable hub of activity, more like a busy open-air market than a quiet room. Whether you are awake or sleeping, running or watching TV, energy is being transformed inside your cells, changing forms as molecules undergo the connected chemical reactions that keep you alive and functional.
Overview of metabolism
Cells are constantly carrying out thousands of chemical reactions needed to keep the cell, and your body as a whole, alive and healthy. These chemical reactions are often linked together in chains, or pathways. All of the chemical reactions that take place inside of a cell are collectively called the cell’s metabolism.
To get a sense of the complexity of metabolism, let's take a look at the metabolic diagram below. To me, this mess of lines looks like a map of a very large subway system, or possibly a fancy circuit board. In fact, it's a diagram of the core metabolic pathways in a eukaryotic cell, such as the cells that make up the human body. Each line is a reaction, and each circle is a reactant or product.
Abstract diagram representing core eukaryotic metabolic networks. The main point of the diagram is to indicate that metabolism is complex and highly interconnected, with many different pathways that feed into one another.
Image credit: "Metabolism diagram," by Zlir'a (public domain).
In the metabolic web of the cell, some of the chemical reactions release energy and can happen spontaneously (without energy input). However, others need added energy in order to take place. Just as you must continually eat food to replace what your body uses, so cells need a continual inflow of energy to power their energy-requiring chemical reactions. In fact, the food you eat is the source of the energy used by your cells!
To make the idea of metabolism more concrete, let's look at two metabolic processes that are crucial to life on earth: those that build sugars, and those that break them down.
Breaking down glucose: Cellular respiration
As an example of an energy-releasing pathway, let’s see how one of your cells might break down a sugar molecule (say, from that candy you had for dessert).
Many cells, including most of the cells in your body, get energy from glucose (
\text C_6\text H_{12}\text O_6
C 6 H 12 O 6
start text, C, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript, start text, H, end text, start subscript, 12, end subscript, start text, O, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript
) in a process called cellular respiration. During this process, a glucose molecule is broken down gradually, in many small steps. However, the process has an overall reaction of:
\text C_6\text H_{12}\text O_6
C 6 H 12 O 6
start text, C, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript, start text, H, end text, start subscript, 12, end subscript, start text, O, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript
+ 6\text O_2 6O 2
6, start text, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript
→ → → 6 \text {CO}_2 6CO 2
6, start text, C, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript
+ 6 \text H_2\text O 6H 2 O
6, start text, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text
+ \text {energy} energy
start text, e, n, e, r, g, y, end text
Breaking down glucose releases energy, which is captured by the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. ATP is a small molecule that gives cells a convenient way to briefly store energy.
Once it's made, ATP can be used by other reactions in the cell as an energy source. Much as we humans use money because it’s easier than bartering each time we need something, so the cell uses ATP to have a standardized way to transfer energy. Because of this, ATP is sometimes described as the “energy currency” of the cell.
Building up glucose: Photosynthesis
As an example of an energy-requiring metabolic pathway, let's flip that last example around and see how a sugar molecule is built.
Sugars like glucose are made by plants in a process called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules. Photosynthesis takes place in many small steps, but its overall reaction is just the cellular respiration reaction flipped backwards:
6 \text {CO}_2 6CO 2
6, start text, C, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript
+ 6 \text H_2\text O
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Which of the following terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
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catabolism (catabolic pathways)
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Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
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1/8 Created by MJM368
Terms in this set (8)
Which of the following terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
catabolism (catabolic pathways)
Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
A chemical reaction that has a positive change of free energy is best described as
Endergonic
Which of the following statement is true for all exergonic reactions?
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism
ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
Which of the following is a primary function of the active site of an enzyme
It catalyzes the reaction associated with the enzyme.
Which of the following statements describes a key component of the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis
Binding of substrate to the active site changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme.
How does an enzyme increase the rate of the chemical reaction it catalyze
An enzyme reduces the free energy of activation(EA) of the reaction it catalyzes
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