which of the following is not a physiological benefit of regular physical activity?

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2.2 Physiological Benefits – A Guide to Physical Activity

2.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS

The physiological benefits associated with regular physical activity participation range from risk reductions for several diseases and health maladies, to improvements in mobility, fitness, and overall quality of life (Kravitz, 2007). The following summary of health benefits associated with participation in physical activity is a broad overview drawn from scientific studies conducted in adult populations, and does not take into account individual differences. Please refer to a healthcare professional for further information, especially regarding your individual needs and medical background before beginning an exercise regimen.

REDUCED RISK OF PREMATURE DEATH

Physical activity results in a reduction of systemic inflammation in the body and has been linked to a reduction in all-cause risk of premature death.

Inflammation in the body is strongly related to future risk for chronic diseases and conditions which may jeopardize health. Physical activity results in a reduction of systemic inflammation in the body and has been linked to a reduction in all-cause risk of premature death. Further, research indicates that the protective benefits of physical activity may improve with additional time spent in exercise. In one recent study, individuals with the highest levels of physical activity participation and fitness had the lowest risk of premature death (Warburton, Nicol, & Bredin, 2006).

However, individuals should be aware that overtraining (i.e., participating in physical activity to the point where risks outweigh benefits) may occur. Therefore, adhering to the physical activity guidelines (Chapter 1) is a wise strategy for students beginning a physical activity regimen.

REDUCED RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as heart attack and stroke, is the leading health-related cause of death in U.S. adult men and women (American Heart Association, 2014). Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness have been associated with risk reductions for CVD (Garber et al., 2011). Specifically, participating in the recommended duration of physical activity as outlined in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans has been found to provide the greatest health benefits, which include but are not limited to: improved coronary blood flow, decreased blood coagulation, and enhanced cardiac function (Nocon et al., 2008).

Participation in aerobic physical activities (such as swimming, running, or cycling) may improve cardiorespiratory fitness, and protect against the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness is best improved when the selected activity is performed continuously and for an extended duration of time.

Photo by Mia Gracia Tabili on Unsplash

REDUCED RISK FOR DIABETES

Physical activity and exercise also play a role in metabolic functions such as the body’s insulin sensitivity (how responsive the body is to insulin) and subsequent ability to balance blood glucose levels. Decreased insulin sensitivity and elevated insulin and blood glucose levels have been linked to diabetes. Regular physical activity participation increases insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, with both aerobic and resistance exercise associated with a risk reduction for type 2 diabetes (Steyn et al., 2004).

IMPROVED BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL

A variety of physical activity types have been associated with decreased blood pressure, such as habitual aerobic exercise and dynamic resistance training.

Hypertension, or an abnormal elevation in blood pressure, is a risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and congestive heart failure (American Heart Association, 2014). A variety of physical activity types have been associated with decreased blood pressure, such as habitual aerobic exercise and dynamic resistance training (Kravitz, 2007; Fagard & Cornelissen, 2007). Notably, recent studies have even examined and cited the numerous health benefits of regular yoga practice among hypertensive individuals (Hagins, Selfe, & Innes, 2013).

IMPROVED CHOLESTEROL LEVELS

Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL; the “bad” cholesterol) and depressed levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL; the “good” cholesterol) have been linked to a variety of health risks, such as heart disease (Kravitz, 2007). Regular aerobic exercise has the ability to alter lipid protein levels and reduce triglyceride levels in the body, resulting in increased HDL and decreased LDL (Kodama et al., 2007).

REDUCED RISK FOR STROKE

Participation in aerobic and anaerobic exercise is recommended to reduce the risk of stroke. Studies indicate that individuals who participated in a moderate amount of physical activity reduced their risk of stroke by up to 20%, compared with those who participated in a greater amount of activity increasing this risk reduction to 27% (Lee, Folsom, & Blair, 2003; Sacco et al., 2006).

REDUCED RISK FOR SOME TYPES OF CANCER

…..physically active men and women exhibited a 30%–40% risk reduction for colon cancer, physically active women presented with a 20%–30% risk reduction for breast cancer compared with their inactive counterparts.

Numerous studies have shown associations between reduced risk for colon and breast cancer and physical activity participation. In detail, physically active men and women exhibited a 30%–40% risk reduction for colon cancer, and physically active women presented with a 20%–30% risk reduction for breast cancer compared with their inactive counterparts (Samad, Taylor, Marshall, & Chapman, 2005; Wolin, Yan, Colditz, & Lee, 2009; Marcell, 2003). Systematic reviews spanning decades of research indicate that moderate-intensity physical activities produce a greater protective effect than low-intensity activities (McNeely et al., 2006; Samad et al., 2005; Wolin et al., 2009).

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Source : open.lib.umn.edu

Benefits of Physical Activity

Regular physical activity improves your brain health, helps with weight management, reduces disease, strengthens bones and muscles, and improves your ability to do everyday activities. Learn more.

Benefits of Physical Activity

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Physically Inactive People Are More Likely To Get Very Sick

How to Be Physically Active While Social Distancing

Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health.

Everyone can experience the health benefits of physical activity – age, abilities, ethnicity, shape, or size do not matter.

If you’re not sure about becoming active or boosting your level of physical activity because you’re afraid of getting hurt, the good news is that moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking, is generally safe for most people.

Read about the benefits for improving your brain health, weight management, reducing disease, strengthening your bones and muscles, and improving your ability to do everyday activities.

If you have not been physically active in a while, you may be wondering how to get started again. Find more tips here to get started with physical activity for a healthy weight.

Learn more about what works and how physical activity can improve your health.

Learn more about Health Benefits of Physical Activity for Adults and Children

Immediate Benefits

Some benefits of physical activity on brain health

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happen right after a session of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Benefits include improved thinking or cognition for children 6 to 13 years of age and reduced short-term feelings of anxiety for adults. Regular physical activity can help keep your thinking, learning, and judgment skills sharp as you age. It can also reduce your risk of depression and anxiety and help you sleep better.

Learn more about Health Benefits of Physical Activity for Adults and Children.

Weight Management

Looking to get to or stay at a healthy weight? Both diet and physical activity play a critical role in maintaining a healthy body weight, losing excess body weight, or maintaining successful weight loss. You gain weight when you consume more calories through eating and drinking than the amount of calories you burn, including those burned during physical activity. It’s important to balance calories. When it comes to weight management, people vary greatly in how much physical activity they need. You may need to be more active than others to reach or maintain a healthy weight.

Be Active: Every Bit Helps

Adults who sit less and do any amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity gain some health benefits. Learn more from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition

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To maintain your weight: Work your way up to 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (for example, 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week). Strong scientific evidence shows that physical activity can help you maintain your weight over time. However, the exact amount of physical activity needed to do this is not clear since it varies greatly from person to person. It’s possible that you may need to do more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week to maintain your weight.To lose weight and keep it off: You will need a high amount of physical activity unless you also adjust your diet and reduce the amount of calories you’re eating and drinking. Getting to and staying at a healthy weight requires both regular physical activity and a healthy eating plan. For more information about nutrition, physical activity, and weight loss, visit Healthy Weight.

Reduce Your Health Risk

Cardiovascular Disease

Heart disease and stroke are two of the leading causes of death in the United States. Following the recommendations and getting at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity can put you at a lower risk for these diseases. You can reduce your risk even further with more physical activity. Regular physical activity can also lower your blood pressure and improve your cholesterol levels.

Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Regular physical activity can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is some combination of too much fat around the waist, high blood pressure, low High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, high triglycerides, or high blood sugar. People start to see benefits at levels of physical activity below the recommended 150 minutes a week. Additional amounts of physical activity seem to lower risk even more.

Already have type 2 diabetes? Regular physical activity can help you control your blood glucose levels. To find out more, visit Diabetes and Me.

Some Cancers

Being physically active lowers your risk for developing several commonly occurring cancers. Research shows that adults who participate in greater amounts of physical activity have reduced risks of developing cancers of the:

Bladder Breast

Colon (proximal and distal)

Endometrium

Esophagus (adenocarcinoma)

Kidney Lung

Stomach (cardia and non-cardia adenocarcinoma)

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Source : www.cdc.gov

Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Fitness Flashcards

Start studying Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Fitness. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Fitness

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