which greenhouse gas is produced by commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems? carbon dioxide fluorinated gas nitrous oxide methane
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Overview of Greenhouse Gases
Information on emissions and removals of the main greenhouse gases to and from the atmosphere.
Overview of Greenhouse Gases
On this page:Overview Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Fluorinated Gases
Total U.S. Emissions in 2019 = 6,558 Million Metric Tons of CO2 equivalent (excludes land sector). Percentages may not add up to 100% due to independent rounding.
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Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. This section provides information on emissions and removals of the main greenhouse gases to and from the atmosphere. For more information on the other climate forcers, such as black carbon, please visit the Climate Change Indicators: Climate Forcing page.
Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere (or "sequestered") when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle.Methane (CH4): Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.Nitrous oxide (N2O): Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural, land use, industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater.Fluorinated gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. Fluorinated gases are sometimes used as substitutes for stratospheric ozone-depleting substances (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and halons). These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they are potent greenhouse gases, they are sometimes referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases ("High GWP gases").Each gas's effect on climate change depends on three main factors:
How much is in the atmosphere?Concentration, or abundance, is the amount of a particular gas in the air. Larger emissions of greenhouse gases lead to higher concentrations in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas concentrations are measured in parts per million, parts per billion, and even parts per trillion. One part per million is equivalent to one drop of water diluted into about 13 gallons of liquid (roughly the fuel tank of a compact car). To learn more about the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, visit the Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases page.How long do they stay in the atmosphere?Each of these gases can remain in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, ranging from a few years to thousands of years. All of these gases remain in the atmosphere long enough to become well mixed, meaning that the amount that is measured in the atmosphere is roughly the same all over the world, regardless of the source of the emissions.
How strongly do they impact the atmosphere?Some gases are more effective than others at making the planet warmer and "thickening the Earth's blanket."
For each greenhouse gas, a Global Warming Potential (GWP) has been calculated to reflect how long it remains in the atmosphere, on average, and how strongly it absorbs energy. Gases with a higher GWP absorb more energy, per pound, than gases with a lower GWP, and thus contribute more to warming Earth.
Note: All emission estimates are from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2019.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Properties of Carbon Dioxide
Chemical Formula: CO2Lifetime in Atmosphere: See below1Global Warming Potential (100-year): 1Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. In 2019, CO2 accounted for about 80 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere as part of the Earth's carbon cycle (the natural circulation of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, plants, and animals). Human activities are altering the carbon cycle–both by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere, and by influencing the ability of natural sinks, like forests and soils, to remove and store CO2 from the atmosphere. While CO2 emissions come from a variety of natural sources, human-related emissions are responsible for the increase that has occurred in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution.2
Note: All emission estimates from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2019 (excludes land sector).
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The main human activity that emits CO2 is the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) for energy and transportation, although certain industrial processes and land-use changes also emit CO2. The main sources of CO2 emissions in the United States are described below.
Science Test 1 Section 5 Flashcards
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Science Test 1 Section 5
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Which definition best describes global warming?
a long-term change in the Earth's climate
a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature
a long-term change in the climate of a region or a city
solar heat that is radiated out into space
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a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature
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What effects do wind patterns have on climate?
They move warm water toward the east.
They change the amount of precipitation in an area and affect a region's climate.
They carry warm or cooled water very long distances.
They cool Pacific waters and increase hurricane activity in the western Atlantic.
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They change the amount of precipitation in an area and affect a region's climate.
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Terms in this set (15)
Which definition best describes global warming?
a long-term change in the Earth's climate
a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature
a long-term change in the climate of a region or a city
solar heat that is radiated out into space
a long-term increase in the Earth's average temperature
What effects do wind patterns have on climate?
They move warm water toward the east.
They change the amount of precipitation in an area and affect a region's climate.
They carry warm or cooled water very long distances.
They cool Pacific waters and increase hurricane activity in the western Atlantic.
They change the amount of precipitation in an area and affect a region's climate.
Which greenhouse gas is produced by commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems?
carbon dioxide fluorinated gas nitrous oxide methane fluorinated gas
Which statement explains why many scientists believe that carbon dioxide has likely contributed more to global warming than other greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide is emitted from fertilizers used in farming.
Other greenhouse gases trap more heat than carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide has increased as a result of increased human activities.
Carbon dioxide is emitted from commercial refrigeration.
Carbon dioxide has increased as a result of increased human activities.
Which statement best describes the greenhouse effect?
It is a process by which plants are able to grow well in a warm, enclosed structure.
It is a process by which greenhouse gases block the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere.
It is a process by which greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere but stop the heat from escaping.
It is a process by which prevailing winds bring moisture to the land, to the prevailing wind direction.
It is a process by which greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to penetrate the atmosphere but stop the heat from escaping.
Which is a possible result of rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming?
formation of dust bowls
increase in strength of hurricanes
rapid evaporation of water in soil
decrease in population due to health threats
increase in strength of hurricanes
What climate conditions occur during La Niña?
stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
warmer Pacific waters and warmer winters
more hurricane activity and warmer Pacific waters
warmer winters and stronger prevailing winds
stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
What climate condition occurs during El Niño?
dry heat throughout North America
warm water moving toward the coast of South America
heavy rain moving toward the coast of South America
flooding throughout North America
warm water moving toward the coast of South America
Which is a possible result of higher air temperatures caused by global warming?
increase in sea level
freezing of polar ice caps
rapid evaporation of water in the soil
flooding of low-lying coastal areas
rapid evaporation of water in the soil
Why do some scientists believe that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming? Check all that apply.
Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere have been steadily decreasing.
Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere have been steadily increasing.
Carbon has a longer average lifetime in the atmosphere.
Carbon has a shorter average lifetime in the atmosphere.
Other greenhouse gases amplify the effect of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere have been steadily increasing.
Carbon has a longer average lifetime in the atmosphere.
What major factors play a role in global warming?
human activity and normal climate conditions
natural factors and human activity
normal climate conditions and abnormal human activities
abnormal human activities and natural factors
natural factors and human activity
Which greenhouse gas has an average lifetime in the atmosphere of a few weeks to thousands of years?
carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide fluorinated gas carbon dioxide
According to some scientists, which is a cause of global warming?
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