which accurately describes one impact of the atmosphere on earth’s cycles? produces wind currents changes nitrogen into carbon dioxide transfers carbon from plants to animals moves oxygen from volcanic eruptions for plants to use
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Check each statement that applies to the atmosphere as a natural resource. Select three options.
- The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere to redistribute water over the surface of Earth.
- The atmosphere interacts with several Earth spheres, including the lithosphere.
- Wind from the atmosphere creates ocean waves and currents.
- The atmosphere causes plants to give off nitrogen.
- The atmosphere causes volcanoes to erupt.
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- The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere to redistribute water over the surface of Earth.
- The atmosphere interacts with several Earth spheres, including the lithosphere.
- Wind from the atmosphere creates ocean waves and currents.
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Which of the following contribute to dirty air? Select three options.
photosynthesis fossil fuels smoking mold respiration
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fossil fuels smoking mold
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Check each statement that applies to the atmosphere as a natural resource. Select three options.
- The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere to redistribute water over the surface of Earth.
- The atmosphere interacts with several Earth spheres, including the lithosphere.
- Wind from the atmosphere creates ocean waves and currents.
- The atmosphere causes plants to give off nitrogen.
- The atmosphere causes volcanoes to erupt.
- The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere to redistribute water over the surface of Earth.
- The atmosphere interacts with several Earth spheres, including the lithosphere.
- Wind from the atmosphere creates ocean waves and currents.
Which of the following contribute to dirty air? Select three options.
photosynthesis fossil fuels smoking mold respiration fossil fuels smoking mold
Which statements describe the effects of indoor pollution? Select two options.
- Ultrafine particles cause poor health.
- Nose hairs and mucus catch all the particles before they reach the lungs
- Ultrafine particles are absorbed by the lungs when people breathe.
- Ultrafine particles contribute to more than 20,000 deaths per year in the United States.
- Most ultrafine particles can be seen with the unaided eye.
- Ultrafine particles cause poor health.
- Ultrafine particles are absorbed by the lungs when people breathe.
Which three gases are released into the atmosphere when volcanoes erupt?
radon, water vapor, carbon monoxide
radon, helium, nitrogen
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, radon
nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide
Which statement describes clean air as a natural resource?
- Clean air can always be found indoors.
- Clean air provides nitrogen gas for plant respiration.
- Clean air is produced when high levels of ultrafine particles circulate.
- Clean air reduces the risk of illnesses and other health problems.
Clean air reduces the risk of illnesses and other health problems.
Why was it important to establish the Clean Air Act?
- to reduce the need to study the effects of dirty air on human health
- to determine ways to reduce the number of premature deaths per year
- to create a regulation that makes any activities that pollute the air illegal
- to make sure that no government activities polluted the local atmosphere
to determine ways to reduce the number of premature deaths per year
Not all countries have adopted air quality regulations as America has.
What impact on human health would these countries experience if they adopt air quality regulations similar to the Americas?
- The amount of exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution would remain unchanged.
- The number of premature deaths related to ultrafine particulate exposure would increase.
- People would experience a decrease in negative health effects associated with air pollution.
- Effects from impaired breathing would only decrease for those exposed to outdoor air pollution.
People would experience a decrease in negative health effects associated with air pollution.
Which interaction of the atmosphere with the lithosphere benefits the biosphere?
- Nitrogen gas is released from volcanoes for plants to use.
- Groundwater resources are replenished in different regions.
- Sunlight is available for plant absorption during photosynthesis.
- Plants rely on water vapor to release oxygen into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen gas is released from volcanoes for plants to use.
Which process is a source of outdoor air pollution?
releasing mold particles from an air conditioning vent
emitting particles from a dump truck
releasing radon gas from a generator
emitting carbon monoxide from a heater
emitting particles from a dump truck
Which accurately describes one impact of the atmosphere on Earth's cycles?
produces wind currents
changes nitrogen into carbon dioxide
transfers carbon from plants to animals
moves oxygen from volcanic eruptions for plants to use
What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. Since our planet and its atmosphere form a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change. Where the carbon is located — in the atmosphere or on Earth — is constantly in flux.
What is the carbon cycle?
What is the carbon cycle? The carbon cycle is nature's way of recycling carbon atoms. Carbon is the foundation for all life on Earth.
VIDEO: What is the carbon cycle? Here's an overview in under two minutes. Transcript
Blue Carbon
Blue carbon is the term for carbon captured by the world's ocean and coastal ecosystems. Sea grasses, mangroves, salt marshes, and other systems along our coast are very efficient in storing CO2. These areas also absorb and store carbon at a much faster rate than other areas, such as forests, and can continue to do so for millions of years. The carbon found in coastal soil is often thousands of years old. When these systems are damaged or disrupted by human activity, an enormous amount of carbon is emitted back into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.Carbon is the foundation of all life on Earth, required to form complex molecules like proteins and DNA. This element is also found in our atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon helps to regulate the Earth’s temperature, makes all life possible, is a key ingredient in the food that sustains us, and provides a major source of the energy to fuel our global economy.
The carbon cycle describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. Since our planet and its atmosphere form a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change. Where the carbon is located — in the atmosphere or on Earth — is constantly in flux.
On Earth, most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is located in the ocean, atmosphere, and in living organisms. These are the reservoirs, or sinks, through which carbon cycles.
Carbon is released back into the atmosphere when organisms die, volcanoes erupt, fires blaze, fossil fuels are burned, and through a variety of other mechanisms.
In the case of the ocean, carbon is continually exchanged between the ocean’s surface waters and the atmosphere, or is stored for long periods of time in the ocean depths.
Humans play a major role in the carbon cycle through activities such as the burning of fossil fuels or land development. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rapidly rising; it is already considerably greater than at any time in the last 800,000 years.
Video Transcript
What is the carbon cycle? Carbon is the chemical backbone of all life on Earth. All of the carbon we currently have on Earth is the same amount we have always had. When new life is formed, carbon forms key molecules like protein and DNA. It's also found in our atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide or CO2. The carbon cycle is nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again. Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms. These are the reservoirs, or sinks, through which carbon cycles. The ocean is a giant carbon sink that absorbs carbon. Marine organisms from marsh plants to fish, from seaweed to birds, also produce carbon through living and dying. Sometimes dead organisms become fossil fuels that go through combustion, giving off CO2, and the cycle continues.
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04/06/22
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What is the Carbon Cycle? What is the science behind it?
*For the new assessment of the last decade of understanding the carbon cycle, see the Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (2018).*
What is the carbon cycle? What are the different pools and fluxes of carbon? Why are they important? This page provides a compilation of information and relevant links to help answer some of these questions.
The Carbon Cycle: What is the Carbon Cycle? What is the fast and slow cycle and how are they influenced?Carbon Measurement Approaches and Accounting Frameworks: Approaches and methods for carbon stock and flow estimations, measurements, and accountingThe North American Carbon Cycle: The latest (2018) assessment and budgetWebinar Series Videos: 'The State of the Carbon Cycle: From Science to Solutions'The Global Carbon Budget : The Global Carbon Budget as calculated by a global group of scientistsFrequently asked questions and their answers: Answers to commonly asked questions such as the following are listed here: Can you quantify the sources and sinks of the global carbon cycle? How much carbon is stored in the different ecosystems? In terms of mass, how much carbon does 1 part per million by volume of atmospheric CO2 represent? What percentage of the CO2 in the atmosphere has been produced by human beings through the burning of fossil fuels?
The Carbon Cycle
(Original Source: NASA Earth Observatory)
'Carbon is the backbone of life on Earth. We are made of carbon, we eat carbon, and our civilizations—our economies, our homes, our means of transport—are built on carbon. We need carbon, but that need is also entwined with one of the most serious problems facing us today: global climate change.....'
What is the carbon cycle? 'Carbon flows between each reservoir in an exchange called the carbon cycle, which has slow and fast components. Any change in the cycle that shifts carbon out of one reservoir puts more carbon in the other reservoirs. Changes that put carbon gases into the atmosphere result in warmer temperatures on Earth....'
The Slow Carbon Cycle 'Through a series of chemical reactions and tectonic activity, carbon takes between 100-200 million years to move between rocks, soil, ocean, and atmosphere in the slow carbon cycle. On average, 1013 to 1014 grams (10–100 million metric tons) of carbon move through the slow carbon cycle every year. In comparison, human emissions of carbon to the atmosphere are on the order of 1015 grams, whereas the fast carbon cycle moves 1016 to 1017 grams of carbon per year....'
The Fast Carbon Cycle: '...Plants and phytoplankton are the main components of the fast carbon cycle. Phytoplankton (microscopic organisms in the ocean) and plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing it into their cells. Using energy from the Sun, both plants and plankton combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water to form sugar (CH2O) and oxygen. The chemical reaction looks like this:
CO2 + H2O + energy = CH2O + O2
Four things can happen to move carbon from a plant and return it to the atmosphere, but all involve the same chemical reaction. Plants break down the sugar to get the energy they need to grow. Animals (including people) eat the plants or plankton, and break down the plant sugar to get energy. Plants and plankton die and decay (are eaten by bacteria) at the end of the growing season. Or fire consumes plants. In each case, oxygen combines with sugar to release water, carbon dioxide, and energy. The basic chemical reaction looks like this:
CH2O + O2 = CO2 + H2O + energy
In all four processes, the carbon dioxide released in the reaction usually ends up in the atmosphere. The fast carbon cycle is so tightly tied to plant life that the growing season can be seen by the way carbon dioxide fluctuates in the atmosphere. In the Northern Hemisphere winter, when few land plants are growing and many are decaying, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations climb. During the spring, when plants begin growing again, concentrations drop. It is as if the Earth is breathing. The ebb and flow of the fast carbon cycle is visible in the changing seasons. As the large land masses of Northern Hemisphere green in the spring and summer, they draw carbon out of the atmosphere. This graph shows the difference in carbon dioxide levels from the previous month, with the long-term trend removed. This cycle peaks in August, with about 2 parts per million of carbon dioxide drawn out of the atmosphere. In the fall and winter, as vegetation dies back in the northern hemisphere, decomposition and respiration returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. These maps show net primary productivity (the amount of carbon consumed by plants) on land (green) and in the oceans (blue) during August and December, 2010. In August, the green areas of North America, Europe, and Asia represent plants using carbon from the atmosphere to grow. In December, net primary productivity at high latitudes is negative, which outweighs the seasonal increase in vegetation in the southern hemisphere. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases....'
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