what is an example of an effective rhetorical question in a presentation about the importance of investing in clean water? how many countries around the world have access to clean drinking water? what are some ways to attempt to provide clean water in more locations? what would happen to long-term health if everyone had access to clean water? what are the costs and benefits typically associated with water-treatment plants?
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What is an example of an effective rhetorical question in a presentation about the importance of investing in clean water?
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What would happen to long-term health if everyone had access to clean water?
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What are the most effective ways to format a visual aid? Select two options.
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using a legible font in a color that is easy to read
providing a clear, concise caption for a photo
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Enhancing a Presentation with Multimedia Answer Key
Terms in this set (10)
What is an example of an effective rhetorical question in a presentation about the importance of investing in clean water?
What would happen to long-term health if everyone had access to clean water?
What are the most effective ways to format a visual aid? Select two options.
using a legible font in a color that is easy to read
providing a clear, concise caption for a photo
Jena is doing research for a presentation about pesticides in the fruits and vegetables people eat. Which source provides the most reliable information for research?
a university site showing the results of a study on which foods absorb chemicals
Create a multimedia presentation about clothing and waste. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation.
What is an effective claim for this prompt?
Purchasing used clothing is an effective way to conserve resources.
Read this prompt.
Create a multimedia presentation claiming that teaching children more than one language is beneficial to their brain development. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation.
Which statement provides the best support for this claim?
Speaking multiple languages improves comprehension and problem-solving skills.
Create a multimedia presentation about clothing and waste. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation.
Which is the most effective combination of visual aids for this prompt?
a photo of a landfill full of clothing and a graph showing statistics on how much clothing gets thrown away
The image shows a glass of dirty water with a straw in it.
Which caption would most effectively connect the image to the presenter's topic?
"If our water supply is not cleaned up, your next glass could look like this."
Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that it is important to invest in early childhood education. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation.
Which statement provides the best support for this claim?
Students who had early childhood education perform better academically than students who did not.
Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that virtual reality technology is a useful tool in the study of medicine. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation.
a brief video clip of a medical school professor discussing a specific case of using virtual reality
Which multimedia element would most appeal to an audience's emotions in a presentation about global warming?
a photo of a dried-up lake and a photo of a family swimming in the lake before it dried up
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Water: a shared responsibility; the United Nations world water development report 2
UNESCO Digital Library
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Water: a shared responsibility; the United Nations world water development report 2
Corporate author:
UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme [481]
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978-92-3-104006-1, 92-3-104006-5, 1-84545-177-5
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601 p. : illus., maps + 1 CD-ROM
Language: English Also available in: 한국어, Español
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Investing in water: Comparing utility finances and economic concerns across U.S. cities
Only a handful of drinking water utilities in the largest cities, including those in Washington, Denver, and San Francisco, for example, perform well across all six indicators of financial and economic health. Meanwhile, many cities are facing difficult economic realities.
Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative
REPORT
Investing in water: Comparing utility finances and economic concerns across U.S. cities
Joseph W. Kane Wednesday, December 14, 2016
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Appendix A - Water investment rankings
Appendix B Acknowledgements
SUMMARY
This brief describes the current context for local water infrastructure investment in the United States, with a particular focus on large drinking water utilities. As concerns continue to ripple from incidents in Flint, Mich. and beyond, cities remain at the forefront of many investment challenges, yet they often do not have a clear sense of where they stand relative to other markets. By examining how cities vary across three measures of utility finances— operational performance, long-term debt, and rates—and three broader economic measures affecting system performance—changes in population, changes in median household income, and the share of lower-income households—this brief attempts to paint a more complete picture of regional water investment.
Only a handful of drinking water utilities in the largest cities, including those in Washington, Denver, and San Francisco, for example, perform well across all six indicators of financial and economic health. Meanwhile, many cities, from Detroit to Cleveland to Birmingham, Ala., are facing difficulties managing their utility finances while confronting difficult economic realities. Their challenges are spurring action in a variety of innovative planning approaches.
INTRODUCTION
In recent months, the country’s water infrastructure challenges have gained greater national visibility thanks to a number of
high-profile speeches along the campaign trail,
legislative efforts in Washington, and calls for
increased investment from the incoming Trump administration. However, much of the hard work continues to rest on the shoulders of individual cities and states, where
more than 95 percent of public spending on operations and capital improvements takes place annually.
Joseph W. Kane
Fellow - Brookings Metro
jwkane1
Water utilities are under enormous pressure to balance a host of physical and financial responsibilities, especially when it comes to providing affordable, clean, and reliable service. From drinking water to wastewater to stormwater, utilities are trying to better quantify their infrastructure needs,
develop more targeted plans, and explore a broad set of financing tools to pay for it all. Increasingly, utilities are also learning more from each other and collaborating with a variety of public and private partners to
adopt a more flexible, forward-looking approach in future projects.
Flint, Mich. has attracted the most attention given the gravity of its challenges—
environmental and otherwise—but the tremendous regional variety and scale of needed investments signal a range of water infrastructure concerns that utilities face nationally. What concerns Flint, after all, may be different from what concerns other cities. Utilities can struggle to locate infrastructure pinch points, create customized strategies, or even identify their relevant peers. Understanding how water needs compare across multiple cities is particularly difficult given the number of information gaps, including inconsistent data, different regulatory needs, and varying operational climates.
This brief provides an overview of the current context for water infrastructure investment in the United States—across larger drinking water utilities in particular—with an eye toward better understanding the financial standing of specific cities and how new solutions may take shape in years to come. By classifying cities according to six major categories of water finance and broad economic trends that affect performance, this brief finds that many large drinking water utilities are facing high levels of long-term debt and other operational and economic pressures that are spurring action in innovative planning approaches.
Understanding water investment challenges at the city level
Across the country, there is a significant mismatch between investment demand and institutional capacity. While more than
88 percent of Americans believe some type of action is needed to solve the country’s water infrastructure challenges, and many analysts agree that the time is
ripe for increased infrastructure investment,
only about 17 percent of utilities are confident that they can just cover the cost of existing service through rates and fees—let alone pursue needed upgrades. Publicly owned and operated utilities are increasingly running up against tight budgets, debt obligations, and other barriers to investment as user charges, municipal bonds, and traditional financing tools fail to keep up with the level of need.
Utilities of all sizes and geographies are confronting an immense array of investment shortfalls, with some estimates as high as
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