what do light waves, ocean waves, earthquake waves, and sound waves, all have in common?
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What is a wave?
We use the word wave in everyday conversation to refer to ocean, light, sound, or earthquake waves. But what do all of these seemingly different phenomena have in common, and why is it important to understand the nature of waves? Let's explore these topics.
Waves transmit the energy that topples buildings during an earthquake, energy that allows us to communicate in the modern world, and energy that allows for life on earth at all. Our observations of the earth from space are also dependent on waves, those that are received by satellites. Thus, waves are a basic feature of the natural world and our ability to understand waves has resulted in many useful devices, cell phones, garage door openers, and microwave ovens, to name a few. With such a variety, what do all waves have in common? Ocean, light, sound, and earthquake waves share the characteristics contained in the scientific definition of wave.
The Random House dictionary tells us that a wave is:
It's a wave if:
1) energy moves from one place to another and 2) matter doesn't move from one place to another, for the most part.
For example, ocean waves ceaselessly arrive at the shore without piling up infinite amounts of water. The wave arrives, but the water doesn't.
We know that ocean waves carry energy because they are able to beat up and move objects at the shore. It takes a wave the same amount of energy to move a large boulder as it would for us to do the same, manually or with a bulldozer.
In understanding the earth, it's useful to concentrate on two general classes of waves, mechanical and electromagnetic waves.
Mechanical waves
Common types of mechanical waves include sound or acoustic waves, ocean waves, and earthquake or seismic waves. In order for compressional waves to propagate, there must be a medium, i.e. matter must exist in the intervening space. For our purposes, we use the term matter to mean that atoms must exist in the intervening space. To learn more about different types of mechanical waves such as earthquake waves, link to our module on Mechanical Waves.
Electromagnetic waves
Common types of electromagnetic waves include visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation, among others. The transmission of electromagnetic waves does not require a medium and electromagnetic waves are able to travel through vacuums. Unlike mechanical waves such as sound, electromagnetic waves can travel successfully across the near emptiness of outer space. Thus humanity has been entertained for eons by the stars that light night skies. To learn more about different types of electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet radiation, link to our module on Electromagnetic Waves.
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Sound, light and water waves and how scientists worked out the mathematics
What violins have in common with the sea – the wave principle. By Alok Jha
A short history of equations
Sound, light and water waves and how scientists worked out the mathematics
What violins have in common with the sea – the wave principle
Alok Jha
Wed 12 Feb 2014 08.00 GMT
35 Y
ou're reading these words because light waves are bouncing off the letters on the page and into your eyes. The sounds of the rustling paper or beeps of your computer reach your ear via compression waves travelling through the air. Waves race across the surface of our seas and oceans and earthquakes send waves coursing through the fabric of the Earth.
As different as they all seem, all of these waves have something in common – they are all oscillations that carry energy from one place to another. The physical manifestation of a wave is familiar – a material (water, metal, air etc) deforms back and forth around a fixed point.
Think of the ripples on the surface of a pond when you throw in a stone. Looking from above, circular waves radiate out from the point where the stone hits the water, as the energy of the collision makes water molecules around it move up and down in unison. The resulting wave is called "transverse" because it travels out from the point the stone sank, while the molecules themselves move in the perpendicular direction. A vertical cross-section of the wave would look like a familiar sine curve.
Sound waves are known as "longitudinal" because the medium in which they travel – air, water or whatever else – vibrates in the same direction as the wave itself. Loudspeakers, for example, move air molecules back and forth in the same direction as the vibration of the speaker cone.
In both cases, the water or air molecules remain, largely, in the same place as they started, as the wave travels through the material. They are not shifted, en masse, in the direction of the wave.
The one-dimensional wave equation (pictured) describes how much any material is displaced, over time, as the wave proceeds. The curly "d" symbols scattered through the equation are mathematical functions known as partial differentials, a way to measure the rate of change of a specific property of the system with respect to another.
On the left is the expression for how fast the material is deforming (y) in space (x) at any given instant; on the right is a description for how fast the material is changing in time (t) at that same instant. Also on the right is the velocity of the wave (v). For a wave moving across the surface of a sea, the equation relates how fast a tiny piece of water is physically deforming, at any particular instant, in space (on the left) and time (on the right).
The wave equation had a long genesis, with scientists from many fields circling around its mathematics across the centuries. Among many others, Daniel Bernoulli, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Leonhard Euler, and Joseph-Louis Lagrange realised that there was a similarity in the maths of how to describe waves in strings, across surfaces and through solids and fluids.
Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, began by trying to understand how a violin string made sound. In the 1720s, he worked out the maths of a string as it vibrated by imagining the string was composed of a huge number of tiny masses, all connected with springs. Applying Isaac Newton's laws of motion for the individual masses showed him that the simplest shape for vibrating violin string, fixed at each end, would be the gentle arc of a single sine curve. A violin string (or a string on any instrument, for that matter) vibrates in transverse waves along its length, which creates longitudinal waves in the surrounding air, which our ears interpret as sound.
Some decades later, mathematician Jean Le Rond d'Alembert generalised the string problem to write down the wave equation, in which he found that the acceleration of any segment of the string was proportional to the tension acting on it. The waves created by different tensions of the string produce different notes – think of how the sound from a plucked string can be changed as it is tightened or loosened.
The wave equation started off describing movement of physical stuff but it is much more powerful than that. Mathematically, it can also describe, for example, the movement of heat or electrical potential, by changing "y" from describing the deformation of a substance to the change in the energy of a system.
Not all waves need to travel through a material. By 1864, the physicist James Clerk Maxwell had derived his four famous equations for the interactions of the electric and magnetic fields in a vacuum around charged particles. He noticed that the expressions could be combined to form wave equations featuring the strength of the electric or magnetic fields in the place of "y". And the speed of these waves (the "v" term in the equation) was equal to the speed of light.
This simple mathematical re-arrangement was one of the most significant discoveries in the history of physics, showing that light must be an electromagnetic wave that travelled in the vacuum.
Electromagnetic waves, then, are transverse oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields. Discovering their wave-like nature led to the prediction that there must be light of different wavelengths, the distance between successive peaks and troughs of the sine curve. It was soon discovered that wavelengths longer than visible light include microwaves, infrared and radio waves; shorter wavelengths include ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.
what do seismic waves and sound waves have in common?
Seismic waves and sound waves are both a type of mechanical wave. Mechanical waves require a medium for propagation.
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what do seismic waves and sound waves have in common?
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Contents
1 What Do Seismic Waves And Sound Waves Have In Common??
2 How are seismic waves similar to sound waves?
3 What do sound light and seismic waves have in common quizlet?
4 What are seismic and sound waves?
5 What do seismic waves tell us?
6 What do seismic waves and sound waves have in common Brainpop answers?
7 What are the differences between sound and electromagnetic waves?
8 What are seismic waves and how do they travel?
9 What are seismic waves used for?
10 What are the seismic waves?
11 Which features do sound waves have?
12 How do seismic waves tell us about the properties of the outer and inner core?
13 How do seismic waves help scientists describe Earth’s interior?
14 How do seismic waves help scientists understand Earth’s interior?
15 What is the difference between a wave and a particle Brainpop?
16 What do all types of electromagnetic radiation have in common?
17 Are seismic waves mechanical or electromagnetic?
18 What do sound waves and electromagnetic waves have in common?
19 What do radio waves and gamma rays have in common?
20 What is the difference between sound waves and waves rising in water?
21 How do seismic waves work?
22 What do vertical and horizontal surface waves have in common?
23 What is the relationship between earthquake and seismic waves?
24 Why seismic waves have differences in speed while passing on it?
25 What are seismic waves short answer?
26 What are the 4 seismic waves?
27 What is seismic science?
28 Which features do sound waves have that ocean waves do not?
29 What features do sound waves have that light waves do not?
30 What do refraction and diffraction have in common?
31 Which seismic wave can penetrate the outer core but refracts?
32 Why can seismic waves be used to determine structures and materials within the earth?
33 What happens to seismic waves that pass through the outer core?
34 How do seismic waves help scientists describe Earth’s interior quizlet?
35 GCSE Physics – Seismic Waves #75
36 Demonstrating P and S Seismic Waves
37 SEISMIC WAVES | Easy Physics Animation
38 Seismic waves earthquake
What Do Seismic Waves And Sound Waves Have In Common??
Seismic waves and sound waves are both a type of mechanical wave. Mechanical waves require a medium for propagation.
How are seismic waves similar to sound waves?
Second, seismic P waves and sound waves share the same nature, both being mechanical longitudinal waves. … The congruence between P waves and sound waves allows us to draw parallels between an apparently esoteric science and the audience’s everyday experience.
What do sound light and seismic waves have in common quizlet?
What do sound, light, and seismic waves have in common? Their speed depends on the materials they travel through. You just studied 35 terms!
What are seismic and sound waves?
seismic wave A wave traveling through the ground produced by an earthquake or some other means. … Sound waves have alternating swaths of high and low pressure. surface waves (in geology) A type of seismic wave that moves only along Earth’s surface, not through the planet’s deeper layers.
What do seismic waves tell us?
Knowing how the waves behave as they move through different materials enables us to learn about the layers that make up the Earth. Seismic waves tell us that the Earth’s interior consists of a series of concentric shells, with a thin outer crust, a mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core.
What do seismic waves and sound waves have in common Brainpop answers?
What do seismic waves and sound waves have in common? … Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space; mechanical waves can’t.
What are the differences between sound and electromagnetic waves?
Sound waves are mechanical waves whereas electromagnetic waves are not mechanical waves. Therefore, sound waves require a medium for their propagation whereas electromagnetic waves do not require a medium. This is the main difference between sound waves and electromagnetic waves.
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What are seismic waves and how do they travel?
There are two broad classes of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel within the body of Earth. They include P, or primary, waves and S, or secondary, waves. P waves cause the ground to compress and expand, that is, to move back and forth, in the direction of travel.
What are seismic waves used for?
Seismic waves – the same tool used to study earthquakes – are frequently used to search for oil and natural gas deep below Earth’s surface. These waves of energy move through the Earth, just as sound waves move through the air.
What are the seismic waves?
A seismic wave is an elastic wave generated by an impulse such as an earthquake or an explosion. Seismic waves may travel either along or near the earth’s surface (Rayleigh and Love waves) or through the earth’s interior (P and S waves).
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