the utopian socialist factory owner from great britain who worked to improve conditions for his workers was
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Robert Owen
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Robert Owen
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For other people named Robert Owen, see Robert Owen (disambiguation).
Robert Owen
Owen, aged about 50,
by William Henry Brooke
Born 14 May 1771
Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales
Died 17 November 1858 (aged 87)
Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales
Occupation co-operator; social reformer, textile mill co-owner; philanthropic capitalist
Spouse(s) Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale
Children Jackson Dale (born 1799)
Robert Dale (born 1801)
William (born 1802)
Ann (or Anne) Caroline (born 1805)
Jane Dale (born 1805)
David Dale (born 1807)
Richard Dale (born 1809)
Mary (born 1810)
Parent(s) Robert Owen and Anne (Williams) Owen[1]
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Robert Owen (/ˈoʊɪn/; 14 May 1771 – 17 November 1858) was a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer, and a founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He strove to improve factory working conditions, promoted experimental socialistic communities, and sought a more collective approach to child rearing, including government control of education.[2] He gained wealth in the early 1800s from a textile mill at New Lanark, Scotland. Having trained as a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire he worked in London before relocating aged 18 to Manchester and textile manufacturing. In 1824, he moved to America and put most of his fortune in an experimental socialistic community at New Harmony, Indiana, as a preliminary for his Utopian society. It lasted about two years. Other Owenite communities also failed, and in 1828 Owen returned to London, where he continued to champion the working class, lead in developing cooperatives and the trade union movement, and support child labour legislation and free co-educational schools.Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Marriage and family
3 New Lanark mill
4 Philosophy and influence
4.1 Eight-hour day
4.2 Models for socialism (1817)
4.3 Arguments against Owen and his answers
5 Community experiments
6 Return to Britain
7 Role in spiritualism
8 Death and legacy
9 Honours and tributes
10 Selected published works
11 See also 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 Further reading
14.1 Biographies of Owen
14.2 Other works about Owen
15 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Baptism record of Robert Owen in the Newtown Anglican Parish Register[3]
Robert Owen was born in Newtown, a small market town in Montgomeryshire, Wales, on 14 May 1771, to Anne (Williams) and Robert Owen. His father was a saddler, ironmonger and local postmaster; his mother was the daughter of a Newtown farming family. Young Robert was the sixth of the family's seven children, two of whom died at a young age. His surviving siblings were William, Anne, John and Richard.[1][4]
Owen received little formal education, but he was an avid reader. He left school at the age of ten to be apprenticed to a Stamford, Lincolnshire, draper for four years. He also worked in London drapery shops in his teens.[5][6] At about the age of 18, Owen moved to Manchester, where he spent the next twelve years of his life, employed initially at Satterfield's Drapery in Saint Ann's Square.[7][8]
While in Manchester, Owen borrowed £100 from his brother William, so as to enter into a partnership to make spinning mules, a new invention for spinning cotton thread, but exchanged his business share within a few months for six spinning mules that he worked in rented factory space.[9] In 1792, when Owen was about 21 years old, mill-owner Peter Drinkwater made him manager of the Piccadilly Mill at Manchester. However, after two years with Drinkwater, Owen voluntarily gave up a contracted promise of partnership, left the company, and went into partnership with other entrepreneurs to establish and later manage the Chorlton Twist Mills in Chorlton-on-Medlock.[10][11]
By the early 1790s, Owen's entrepreneurial spirit, management skills and progressive moral views were emerging. In 1793, he was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,[11] where the ideas of the Enlightenment were discussed. He also became a committee member of the Manchester Board of Health, instigated principally by Thomas Percival to press for improvements in the health and working conditions of factory workers.[12][13]
E4 Socialism Utopianism Communism socialism, capitalism Robert Owen Utopian Analyzing Images Communist revoltuion Carl Marx proletarial utopiansim Flashcards
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards terms like Socialism, Capitalism, Means of production Capitalism and more.
E4 Socialism Utopianism Communism socialism, capitalism Robert Owen Utopian Analyzing Images Communist revoltuion Carl Marx proletarial utopiansim
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Socialism
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Everyone should cooperate to produce what is best for society
The government must act to protect workers and consumers
employers taken advantage of employees
better of society not best interest
government controls factors means of production
Click again to see term 👆
Capitalism
Click card to see definition 👆
Society benefits when all people are free to follow their own best interests
Competition results in better prices for consumers and higher wages for workers. more money fore everyone business should invest in business look for better jobs self interest without government interest.
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Terms in this set (38)
Socialism
Everyone should cooperate to produce what is best for society
The government must act to protect workers and consumers
employers taken advantage of employees
better of society not best interest
government controls factors means of production
Capitalism
Society benefits when all people are free to follow their own best interests
Competition results in better prices for consumers and higher wages for workers. more money fore everyone business should invest in business look for better jobs self interest without government interest.
Means of production Capitalism
private individuals own land, factories, and businesses.
Price and wages are set by suppy and demand.
government doesnt have a hand in this
set by supply and demand
agreement by consumersa nd producers
Means of production Socialism
**an economic theory based on government control
The means of production are controlled by the government
Prices and wages are set by the government
government knows best
not supply and demand
people less control
work in job that they havent chosen.
Distribution of Wealth
Capitalism
Those who work hardest or take steps to improve their skills deserve higher wages.
Entrepreneurs who take risks deserve to make money for doing so.
Distribution of Wealth
Socialism
Capitalism creates an unequal distribution of wealth, which is unfair.
Workers should share equally in the profits of businesses.
Capitalism
competition is best for society
prices are set by the market
Entrepreneurs deserve profits
Socialism
prices are set by the government
workers share equally in profits
cooperation is best for societ
Social Democracy
Today, some governments incorporate socialist principles
wealfare higher education
government may support trade unions
higher taxes on wealthy distributed to poor
In social democracy, the government
support social welfare programs
regulates the economy to better protect workers
Social democracies
Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden
Utopian Socialism
Is the belief in the creation of an ideal society
**a scoiety based on cooperation and sharing
live and work together
share goods and property
key developer Robert Owen
Robert Owen 1771-1858
British factory owner who worked to improve conditions for his employees
Built schools and housing for his workers
Reduce working hours
Prevented children under ten from working at his factory
1828 Owen founded a utopian community in New Harmoney, Indiania
The experiment attracted hundreds of residents.
most residents lacked the skills needed to help the community succeed.
Within three years, the community collapesed
What was the goal of utopianism?
to create a society based on self-interest
to create a society based on government ownership
to create society based on cooperation
to create a society based on private ownership
to create society based on cooperation
Communism
is a more radical form of socialism
policitacl system that uses elelments of socialist econmy
The government controls the means of production
the government regulates a centrally planned economy
not individual its the government for all resources for goods and service when what how much etc..
a single authoritarian party holds power
refered to as marxism after carl Marx
Karl Marx 1818-1883
was a german philospher, political theorist, socialogist, and revolutionary
Wrote the Communist Meanifesto 1848 with ref
ormer Fredrich Engeles
Democracy uses elements of a capitalism economy
...
Friedrich Engles 1820-1895
was a political theorist sociolgist and reformer
observed the poor working conditions in his family's cotton factories
Wrote the Condition of working class in England 1844
Worked closely with Karl Marx
owing to extensive use of machinery.......easily acquired knack, that is required of him
Karl and Friedrick communist manifesto
increase use of machinery and labor each person with small part the work of the working class and peasonet have lost appeal workers tools within this system lacking individual and characters most boring work takes them little energy.
Robert Owen
Robert Owen, (born May 14, 1771, Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales—died November 17, 1858, Newtown), Welsh manufacturer turned reformer, one of the most influential early 19th-century advocates of utopian socialism. His New Lanark mills in Lanarkshire, Scotland, with their social and industrial welfare programs, became a place of pilgrimage for political leaders, social reformers, and royalty. He also sponsored or encouraged many experimental “utopian” communities, including one in New Harmony, Indiana, U.S. Owen was the second youngest of seven children of Robert Owen, the postmaster of Newtown, and Anne Williams. He attended local schools until the age of 10, when he became
Robert Owen
British social reformer
By Douglas F. Dowd • Last Updated: May 10, 2022 • Edit History
Robert Owen See all media
Born: May 14, 1771 Newtown Wales
Died: November 17, 1858 (aged 87) Newtown Wales
Notable Family Members: son Robert Dale Owen
Subjects Of Study: human nature
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Summary
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Robert Owen, (born May 14, 1771, Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales—died November 17, 1858, Newtown), Welsh manufacturer turned reformer, one of the most influential early 19th-century advocates of utopian socialism. His New Lanark mills in Lanarkshire, Scotland, with their social and industrial welfare programs, became a place of pilgrimage for political leaders, social reformers, and royalty. He also sponsored or encouraged many experimental “utopian” communities, including one in New Harmony, Indiana, U.S.
Early life
Owen was the second youngest of seven children of Robert Owen, the postmaster of Newtown, and Anne Williams. He attended local schools until the age of 10, when he became an apprentice to a clothier. His employer had a good library, and Owen spent much of his time reading. His reading of books on religious controversies led him to conclude at an early age that there were fundamental flaws in all religions. Excelling in business, by the time he was 19 he had become superintendent of a large cotton mill in Manchester, and he soon developed it into one of the foremost establishments of its kind in Great Britain. Owen made use of the first American Sea Island cotton (a fine, long-staple fibre) ever imported into Britain and made improvements in the quality of the cotton spun. On becoming manager and a partner in the Manchester firm, Owen induced his partners to purchase the New Lanark mills in Lanarkshire.
Success at New Lanark
There were 2,000 inhabitants of New Lanark, 500 of whom were young children from the poorhouses and charities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. The children, especially, had been well treated by the former proprietor, but their living conditions were harsh: crime and vice were bred by demoralizing conditions; education and sanitation were neglected; and housing conditions were intolerable. Owen improved the houses and—mainly by his personal influence—encouraged the people in habits of order, cleanliness, and thrift. He opened a store that sold sound-quality goods at little more than cost and strictly supervised the sale of alcoholic beverages. His greatest success was in the education of the young, to which he devoted special attention. In 1816 he opened the first infant school in Great Britain at the New Lanark mills and gave it his close personal supervision. The schools, which eschewed corporal punishment and other traditional methods, emphasized character development and included dancing and music in the curriculum.
Robert Owen Robert Owen.
© Photos.com/Thinkstock
Although Owen initially was regarded with suspicion as an outsider, he quickly won the confidence of the people, especially because of his decision during an embargo against the United States during the War of 1812 to pay wages to the workers while the mills were closed for four months. The mills continued to thrive commercially, but some of Owen’s schemes entailed considerable expense, which displeased his partners. Frustrated by the restrictions imposed on him by his partners, who emphasized profit and wished to conduct the business along more ordinary lines, Owen organized a new firm in 1813. Its members, content with a 5 percent return on their capital and ready to give freer scope to his philanthropy, bought out the old firm. Stockholders in the new firm included the legal reformer and utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham and the Quaker William Allen.
Philosophy of social reform
In 1813 Owen published two of the four essays in A New View of Society; or, Essays on the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character in which he expounded the principles on which his system of educational philanthropy was based. Having lost all belief in the prevailing forms of religion, he developed his own creed that he took to be an entirely new and original discovery. The chief point in Owen’s philosophy was that human character is formed by circumstances over which individuals have no control. For this reason, people are not a proper subject of either praise or blame. These convictions led him to the conclusion that the great secret in the right formation of human character was to place people under the proper influences from their earliest years. The nonresponsibility of individuals and the effect of early influences were the hallmark of Owen’s entire system of education and social amelioration.
For the next few years, Owen’s work in New Lanark was to have a national as well as a European significance. According to the unanimous testimony of all who visited it, the results achieved by Owen were singularly good. Children brought up on his system were generally felt to be graceful, genial, and unconstrained; health, plenty, and relative contentment prevailed; and the business also was a commercial success.
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