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AP Psychology - Unit 11 Vocabulary Review
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intelligence test a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
intelligence mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
general intelligence an overall cognitive ability that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
factor analysis a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.
savant syndrome a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
emotional intelligence the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
mental age measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.
Stanford-Binet the widely used American revision of the original intelligence test.
intelligence quotient (IQ) defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
achievement tests tests designed to assess what a person has learned.
aptitude tests tests designed to predict a person’s future performance
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
standardization defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
normal curve a symmetrical, bell-shaped graph that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.
reliability the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.
validity the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
content validity the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.
predictive validity the success with which a test forecasts the behavior it is designed to forecast; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
intellectual disability (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.
Down syndrome a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
stereotype threat a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative condition
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Create your own activitiesINTELLIGENCE The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
What is intelligence? Intelligence is a socially constructed concept that differs from culture to culture Reify: treat it as though it were a real object, not an abstract concept I.Q. is not something that somebody has, it is how they scored on a test Debate: Is intelligence one overall ability, or many? Can neuroscientists locate and measure intelligence within the brain?
INTELLIGENCE The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
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Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
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Presentation on theme: "INTELLIGENCE The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations."— Presentation transcript:
1 INTELLIGENCE The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
2 What is intelligence? Intelligence is a socially constructed concept that differs from culture to culture Reify: treat it as though it were a real object, not an abstract concept I.Q. is not something that somebody has, it is how they scored on a test Debate: Is intelligence one overall ability, or many? Can neuroscientists locate and measure intelligence within the brain?
3 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE Factor Analysis: A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test Used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score People tend to show about the same level of competence in all abilities in a cluster Vocabulary and reading comprehension Spatial ability and reasoning ability Charles Spearman named this common level of intelligence the g factor
4 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE L.L. Thurston disagreed
He identified 7 different clusters of primary mental abilities He did not rank individuals on a single scale of general aptitude Results still showed some evidence of a g factor
5 Contemporary Intelligence Theories
Howard Gardner disputes the idea of one general intelligence (proposes 8 independent intelligences)
6 Contemporary Intelligence Theories
Howard Gardner cont. Savant Syndrome: a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill 4 in 5 are male, and many have autism Robert Sternberg agrees with Gardner, but his Triarchic theory proposes only 3 intelligences Analytical (academic problem solving) Creative (adapt to novel situations and develop novel ideas) Practical (required for everyday tasks)
7 Table 11.2 Myers: Psychology, Eighth Edition Copyright © 2007 by Worth Publishers
8 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions Perceive: recognizing them in faces, music, and stories Understand: to predict them and how they change and blend Manage: know how to express them in varied situations Use: enable adaptive or creative thinking Enables success in career, marriage, and parenting situations Critics warn of stretching the idea of intelligence too far
9 Intelligence and Creativity
Creativity: the ability to create novel and valuable ideas 5 Components of Creativity Expertise Imaginative thinking skills (think outside the box) Venturesome personality Intrinsic motivation Support offered by a creative environment Convergent thinking vs. Divergent thinking 2+2: Thinking in only one way(convergent) Name as many things as you can that are hot(div)
10 Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?
Recent studies indicate some correlation (about +.40) between brain size and intelligence score Brain size and non-verbal intelligence test scores decrease in later adulthood Autopsies of highly educated people revealed above average volumes of synapses and gray matter
11 Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?
Don’t confuse correlation with causation! Large brain may enable greater intelligence Greater intelligence may lead to experiences that exercise the brain and build more connections A third factor may be at work
12 Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?
Brain Function Studies of brain functioning show that people who score high on intelligence tests tend also to retrieve information from memory more quickly, and to perceive stimuli faster These differences are reflected in neurological studies that show faster brain response times
13 History of Intelligence Tests
The first intelligence tests were devised by Sir Francis Galton, who sought to show that intelligence is inherited Modern intelligence testing was launched in 1905 by Alfred Binet, who devised a scale to measure a child’s mental age. Lewis Terman revised the Binet scale to produce the Stanford-Binet scale in 1916, which introduced the intelligence quotient (IQ)
14 History of Intelligence Tests
In 1939, David Wechsler published an improved measure of intelligence for adults, which introduced the deviation IQ score based on the normal distribution. Today there are many individual and group intelligence tests.
A Textbook of Artificial Intelligence for Class 11
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely recognized to be the powerthat will fuel the future global digital economy. AI in the past few years hasgained geostrategic importance and a large number of countries are strivinghard to stay ahead with their policy initiatives to get their country already.AI is a continually advancing and expanding field and AI readiness will leadto better opportunities and increased levels of understanding. It will help themvisualize jobs of the future and prepare for them. Its multidisciplinary naturewill help to make connections between all other subjects thereby adding valueand giving a different perspective for all.The CBSE curriculum focuses on building AI readiness in young minds.The importance of skill-based education and the value of project-related workis clear in order to "effectively harness the potential of AI in a sustainablemanner to make India's next-generation 'AI ready'. AB a beginning in thisdirection, CBSE introduced Artificial Intelligence starting from Class VIonward. Students should opt for this curriculum to become future-ready andbecome at par with their counterparts at a global level.The aim is to strive together to make our students future-ready and helpthey work on incorporating Artificial Intelligence to improve their learningexperience.Goyal Brothers Prakashan
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A Textbook of Artificial Intelligence for Class 11
Hema Dhingra
Goyal Brothers Prakashan, 1 Haz 2021
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely recognized to be the power
that will fuel the future global digital economy. AI in the past few years has
gained geostrategic importance and a large number of countries are striving
hard to stay ahead with their policy initiatives to get their country already.
AI is a continually advancing and expanding field and AI readiness will lead
to better opportunities and increased levels of understanding. It will help them
visualize jobs of the future and prepare for them. Its multidisciplinary nature
will help to make connections between all other subjects thereby adding value
and giving a different perspective for all.
The CBSE curriculum focuses on building AI readiness in young minds.
The importance of skill-based education and the value of project-related work
is clear in order to "effectively harness the potential of AI in a sustainable
manner to make India's next-generation 'AI ready'. AB a beginning in this
direction, CBSE introduced Artificial Intelligence starting from Class VI
onward. Students should opt for this curriculum to become future-ready and
become at par with their counterparts at a global level.
The aim is to strive together to make our students future-ready and help
they work on incorporating Artificial Intelligence to improve their learning
experience.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan
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ability able activity algorithm allows analysis answer applications Artificial Intelligence building called classification clustering collection column communication correlation create dataset decisions defined dependent developed distribution document ethical example experience F1 Score face Format given gives Google graph Green human ideas identify important input JOIN language machine learning matrix mean measurement median method mode natural negative neural network objects option output perform person plot points positive predict present problem questions reality regression relationship represent robot rows scale Select sentence shows similar skills statistical Step story storytelling tasks things thinking tool understand Unit variables virtual visual Write
Yazar hakkında (2021)
MCA Sanskriti School, Delhi
G.D. Goenka Public School, New Delhi
B.Tech. (Computer Science)
MCA
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Başlık A Textbook of Artificial Intelligence for Class 11
Yazar Hema Dhingra
Editörler Prembala Dutt , Sayan Banerjee, Rashi Bansal
Yayıncı Goyal Brothers Prakashan, 2021
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