independence for the diverse ethnic groups of austria-hungary would most likely result in
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Independence for the diverse ethnic groups of Austria
The matter of independence for those groups came after the end of WWI. It was sensitive since Austro-Hungary was on the losers side of the war and the nations in it were though to have the right to have political control. This triggered nationalistic feelings that were dormant. The Germans taking over the empire was very improbable since the Germans had just lost the war and they would not gain territory or control over other powers. A strong alliance was also not on the cards; the new countries would have little to bind them except history since the people spoke different languages. These differences and the fact that every nation in the mpire wanted to have self-determination would most probably to the collapse of the empire (that is what happened). | Snapsolve
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Independence for the diverse ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary would most likely result in the collapse of the empire. the Germans taking over the empire. the end of nationalist movements. the formation of a strong alliance.
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The matter of independence for those groups came after the end of WWI. It was sensitive since Austro-Hungary was on the losers side of the war and the nations in it were though to have the right to have political control. This triggered nationalistic feelings that were dormant. The Germans taking over the empire was very improbable since the Germans had just lost the war and they would not gain territory or control over other powers. A strong alliance was also not on the cards; the new countries would have little to bind them except history since the people spoke different languages. These differences and the fact that every nation in the mpire wanted to have self-determination would most probably to the collapse of the empire (that is what happened).
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Europe on the Eve of War Flashcards
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Europe on the Eve of War
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Which country resented the number of French and British colonial holdings?
Italy Spain Germany Portugal
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Germany
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Central and Eastern Europe experienced ethnic tensions in the early 1900s primarily because
similarity in cultures and traditions caused problems between ethnic groups.
military powers were unable to stop the conflicts between ethnic groups.
many ethnic groups shared unlimited amounts of territory.
many ethnic groups wanted their own nation-states.
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many ethnic groups wanted their own nation-states.
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1/10 Created by Angelique8439 world history
Terms in this set (10)
Which country resented the number of French and British colonial holdings?
Italy Spain Germany Portugal Germany
Central and Eastern Europe experienced ethnic tensions in the early 1900s primarily because
similarity in cultures and traditions caused problems between ethnic groups.
military powers were unable to stop the conflicts between ethnic groups.
many ethnic groups shared unlimited amounts of territory.
many ethnic groups wanted their own nation-states.
many ethnic groups wanted their own nation-states.
In the early 1900s, which leading European powers faced increased tensions because of nationalism? Check all that apply.
France Greece Spain Italy Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary Great Britain France Italy Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary Great Britain
By 1914, imperialism had fed into European tensions because of
the high number of colonies unifying to combat total domination by Europe.
North and South America competing for colonies.
many colonial countries' proximity to Europe.
the high number of European countries competing for colonies all over the world.
the high number of European countries competing for colonies all over the world.
The map shows territories held by countries in 1914.
Which imperial nation appears to have the most dominance in Africa?
Turkey United Kingdom France Germany France
Independence for the diverse ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary would most likely result in
the collapse of the empire.
the Germans taking over the empire.
the end of nationalist movements.
the formation of a strong alliance.
the collapse of the empire.
The most important reason militarism contributed to growing tensions in Europe was because
growth of a country's military became a competition.
countries were less likely to use diplomacy to solve conflict.
countries conscripted men from outside their own country.
some countries' militaries remained small.
countries were less likely to use diplomacy to solve conflict.
In the 1900s, an arms race occurred when which two countries began to compete over the size of their navies?
Great Britain and Italy
Italy and Spain
Germany and Great Britain
Spain and Germany
Germany and Great Britain
Rising nationalism led to conflict over Alsace-Lorraine between France and
Italy. Britain. Germany. Austria-Hungary. Germany.
Which created the most resentment among European nations?
countries mining their colonies for their own riches
countries taking over each other's colonies
countries aiding the opposition forces in their colonies
countries establishing colonies next to theirs
countries taking over each other's colonies
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Nationalities (Austria
Recent research has questioned the view that that the population of Austria-Hungary consisted of nations, and that conflicts between them were the main cause of its demise. Nationalism was an important basis for group building, but not the only one and not always the most relevant. Wartime developments made it more significant and diminished imperial patriotism. Yet Austria-Hungary did not fall apart because of this. Apart from the Entente decision to dismember it, the crucial cause of its demise was the changed attitude of nationalist politicians, who did not see Austria-Hungary as viable anymore.
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Last updated 22 July 2019
Nationalities (Austria-Hungary)
By Rok Stergar
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Recent research has questioned the view that that the population of Austria-Hungary consisted of nations, and that conflicts between them were the main cause of its demise. Nationalism was an important basis for group building, but not the only one and not always the most relevant. Wartime developments made it more significant and diminished imperial patriotism. Yet Austria-Hungary did not fall apart because of this. Apart from the Entente decision to dismember it, the crucial cause of its demise was the changed attitude of nationalist politicians, who did not see Austria-Hungary as viable anymore.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Before the War: A Multinational Empire?
3 The War Starts
4 A Multinational Empire at War
5 1917 and 1918: Federalisation or Dissolution?
6 Conclusion Notes
Selected Bibliography
IntroductionCitation ↑
Contemporary analysts were convinced, and many historians have agreed, that the population of Austria-Hungary consisted of nations, and that conflicts between them were the main cause of its ultimate demise. According to this view, nations inevitably gravitated towards independence; the First World War enabled them to attain it by fatally weakening the forces keeping the empire together.
However, recent research has questioned this view. Not only were people’s identifications far more complex and the effects of nationalisms limited but nationalisms were also rarely in conflict with the Habsburg state. On the contrary, most nationalists sought to attain their goals within the imperial framework. This article will show the development of Habsburg nationalisms during the war and the effect of wartime developments on national identifications and the relations between nationally construed groups.
Before the War: A Multinational Empire?↑
As nationalism, an ideology that defines nations primarily as political communities of all the people living in an area, reached the Habsburg Monarchy at the turn of the 19th century, contemporaries formulated several visions. Some thought that all the inhabitants of the monarchy should become a single nation, while others supported nations comprising the inhabitants of one province.[1] Soon, however, ethnolinguistic conceptualisations of nations prevailed throughout the Habsburg Empire. Nationalists declared that speakers of a certain language objectively belonged to the eponymous nation even if they did not identify with it.
In the second half of the 19th century, the belief that all inhabitants of the Austrian Empire belonged to one of the ethnolinguistic nations had spread among the middle classes and was acknowledged by the state. Despite minor differences of opinion, the classification of languages and nations also stabilised. The statistical survey of the Common Army divided officers and soldiers into eleven nations: Germans, Hungarians, Czechs and Moravians, Slovaks, Poles, Ruthenes, Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, Bulgarians, Romanians, and Italians.[2]
After the Compromise of 1867, the Austrian legal framework guaranteed equality to these nations, while in Hungary, which defined itself as a nation-state, laws protected the linguistic rights of non-Hungarian nationalities. In practice, however, Hungarian nationalists increasingly tried to restrict minority languages and Magyarise the population, while in the Austrian part of the monarchy, speakers of non-German languages occasionally struggled to gain full equality in education, the judicial system, and administration.[3]
At the turn of the 20th century, nations became an important mode of group-building, as nationalist activities and state policies promoted identification with a nation. Sporadically, nationality became a legal requirement.[4] Nationalisms were able to mobilise the middle classes, and also an increasing number of workers and peasants. However, identification with a nation remained contingent and situational; while it was apparent during elections, censuses, nationally framed conflicts, and so on, it was often irrelevant or only relevant for some.[5] Nationalisms mostly coexisted with imperial patriotism and dynastic loyalty. Nationalists seeking full independence or incorporation into a neighbouring state were a small minority.[6]
The War Starts↑
However, there were reasons for concern. As Austria-Hungary mobilised during the Balkan Wars 1912-1913, some Czech-speaking reservists proclaimed that they would not go to war against their "Slav brethren". Enthusiasm for Serb victories was even more apparent among Habsburg South Slavs.[7] This caused unease in the military and political leadership; while the concerns about Pan-Slav, South Slav, Romanian, or Italian irredentism were not entirely unfounded, reactions sometimes bordered on hysteria.[8] Many generals and bureaucrats started believing that entire groups of citizens could not be relied on because of their real or presumed national affiliation. Traditional stereotypical national characterisations and hierarchies were being replaced by categorisations based on dubious assumptions about reliability and loyalty.
During mobilisation, these were mostly proven false. While there was no general enthusiasm for war, citizens reacted to events similarly and their national identifications hardly influenced their reactions. Even the supposedly "disloyal" Czechs rushed to enlist.[9]
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