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U.S. Senate: Senators

Senators

Senators

The prescribes that the Senate be composed of two senators from each State (therefore, the Senate currently has 100 Members) and that a senator must be at least thirty years of age, have been a citizen of the United States for nine years, and, when elected, be a resident of the State from which he or she is chosen. A senator's term of office is six years and approximately one-third of the total membership of the Senate is elected every two years.

Contacting Your Senator

Current Senators Contact List

Biographies and Congressional Profiles

Look up brief biographies of Senators from 1774 to the present in the You can find out other facts about Senators past and present and get an overview of the members of Congress using these links.

Featured Biographies

Guide to House and Senate Members (GPO)

(CRS) (PDF) Senate Spouses

Internal Organization of the Senate

Constitutional Qualifications for U.S. Senators

(PDF)

Senate Oath of Office

Senate Reform Commission, July 29, 1975

Appointments, Elections, and Political Parties

Appointed Senators (1913-Present)

Senators Who Have Changed Parties (1890-Present)

Party Division in the Senate (1789-Present)

Salary and Benefits

Terms and Salaries, June 26, 1787

Salary Storm, March 19, 1816

Senate Salaries Since 1789

(CRS) (PDF) (CRS) (PDF)

Bibliography on Books by Sitting Senators

Former Senators

Association of Former Members of Congress Web Page (usafmc.org)

Living Former Senators, Alphabetically

Living Former Senators, by State

Senators Who Have Died since 2000

Senators Who Have Died in Office

Related Items

Interested in related materials? Take a look at these Virtual Reference Desk subjects and other links for more information.

Archives Committees Directories Elections Leadership

Minorities in the Senate

Senators and Their States

Votes Women in the Senate

Source : www.senate.gov

United States Senate

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United States Senate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For current members of the Senate, see List of current United States senators.

Coordinates: 38°53′26″N 77°0′32″W / 38.89056°N 77.00889°W

United States Senate

117th United States Congress

Seal of the U.S. Senate

Flag of the U.S. Senate

Type Type

Upper house of the United States Congress

Term limits None History

New session started January 3, 2021

Leadership

President of the Senate Kamala Harris (D)

since January 20, 2021

President pro tempore Patrick Leahy (D)

since January 20, 2021

Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D)

since January 20, 2021

Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R)

since January 20, 2021

Majority Whip Dick Durbin (D)

since January 20, 2021

Minority Whip John Thune (R)

since January 20, 2021

Structure Seats 100

51 (or 50 plus the Vice President) for a majority

Political groups Majority (50)[a]

Democratic (48) Independent (2)[b]

Republican (50)

Length of term 6 years

Elections

Voting system Plurality voting in 46 states[c]

show Varies in 4 states

Last election November 3, 2020[d] (35 seats)

Next election November 8, 2022 (35 seats)

Meeting place Senate Chamber

United States Capitol

Washington, D.C. United States Website senate.gov Constitution

United States Constitution

Rules

Standing Rules of the United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.

The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution.[2] The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a single state in its entirety. Each state is equally represented by two senators who serve staggered terms of six years. There are currently 100 senators representing the 50 states. The vice president of the United States serves as presiding officer and president of the Senate by virtue of that office, and has a vote only if the senators are equally divided. In the vice president's absence, the president pro tempore, who is traditionally the senior member of the party holding a majority of seats, presides over the Senate.

As the upper chamber of Congress, the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it. These include the approval of treaties, and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries, federal judges (including Federal Supreme Court justices), flag officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, other federal executive officials and federal uniformed officers. If no candidate receives a majority of electors for vice president, the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office. The Senate conducts trials of those impeached by the House.

The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative[3] and more prestigious[4][5][6] body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms, smaller size, and statewide constituencies, which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere.[7]

From 1789 to 1913, senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented. They are now elected by popular vote following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. In the early 1920s, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began. The Senate's legislative and executive business is managed and scheduled by the Senate majority leader.

The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Contents

1 History

2 Current composition and election results

2.1 Current party standings

3 Membership 3.1 Qualifications

3.2 Elections and term

3.2.1 Term 3.2.2 Elections 3.2.3 Vacancies 3.3 Oath

3.4 Salary and benefits

3.5 Seniority

3.6 Expulsion and other disciplinary actions

4 Majority and minority parties

4.1 Seating 5 Officers

5.1 Presiding officer

5.2 Party leaders

5.3 Non-member officers

6 Procedure 6.1 Daily sessions 6.1.1 Debate

6.1.2 Filibuster and cloture

6.1.3 Voting

6.1.4 Closed session

6.2 Calendars 6.3 Committees 7 Criticism

8 Senate office buildings

9 Functions 9.1 Legislation

9.2 Checks and balances

10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Bibliography

13.1 Official Senate histories

14 External links

History

Main article: History of the United States Senate

The drafters of the Constitution created a bicameral Congress primarily as a compromise between those who felt that each state, since it was sovereign, should be equally represented, and those who felt the legislature must directly represent the people, as the House of Commons did in Great Britain. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise. There was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a "People's House" directly elected by the people, and with short terms obliging the representatives to remain close to their constituents. The other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation.[8]

Source : en.wikipedia.org

How Congress Works

Oftentimes, people have questions about how Congress works. To help answer those questions, I have put together a list of Frequently Asked Questions about the U.S.

How Congress Works

Image

Members of Congress represent the people of their district in the United States Congress by holding hearings, as well as developing and voting on legislation. All bills must pass Congress before they can go to the President to be signed into law.

In order to provide the best representation for Michigan’s 7th District, I spend many hours each week meeting with people in South Central Michigan to discuss my current activities in Congress and listen to their concerns and ideas regarding a variety of issues.

In addition, I am also available to help you if you are experiencing difficulties dealing with a federal agency. To see how I can help you, click here.

The required qualifications are found in Article 1 of the Constitution:

25 years of age

A citizen of the United States for at least 7 years

At the time of election, be a resident of the state

30 years of age

A citizen of the United States for 9 years

At the time of election, be a resident of the state

There are a total of 535 Members of Congress. 100 serve in the U.S. Senate and 435 serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms and are considered for reelection every even year. Senators however, serve six-year terms and elections to the Senate are staggered over even years so that only about 1/3 of the Senate is up for reelection during any election.

Each state sends two Senators to represent their state in the U.S. Senate. However, in the House of Representatives, a state’s representation is based on its population.  For example, smaller states like Vermont and Delaware have one representative while large states like California have 53 representatives.

Currently, the Michigan Congressional Delegation is composed of 14 representatives in the House and two Senators in the U.S. Senate.

Members of the U.S. House of Representatives each represent a portion of their state known as a Congressional District, which averages 700,000 people. Senators however, represent the entire state.

In the House of Representatives, the majority party holds significant power to draft chamber rules and schedule bills to reach the floor for debate and voting. In most cases, House rules will limit debate so that important legislation can be passed during one legislative business day.

In the Senate however, the majority has the power to schedule when various bills come to the floor for voting but a single Senator can slow legislation from coming to the floor for a vote. Since debate in the Senate is not concluded until 60 senators vote for a cloture motion to approve a bill for consideration, the majority must also coordinate with the minority part to set the rules for debate on legislation. Under this system, legislation can be debated for one or two weeks on the Senate floor alone.

Congress deals with a broad variety of different policy issues and it is more efficient to have work done at the committee level than on the House or Senate floor. In addition, this system allows members to gain expertise in specific issue areas they are interested in. Throughout history, committees have been created to address particular issues before Congress. The House has 23 committees while the Senate has a total of 20 committees.

Passing legislation into law is a complicated and lengthy process between the House and Senate before the bill is presented before the President to be signed into law. For a thorough explanation of the legislation process, please see the How a Bill Becomes a Law section on the House website.

YES. Since January 1, 1984, all Members of Congress participate in the Social Security system and are required to pay Social Security taxes.

Members of Congress who were elected after 1984 are automatically enrolled in the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS). For more information on FERS, please visit the FERS handbook for details.

As written into the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-205), on January 1, 2014, Members of Congress are no longer eligible for health plans offered to federal government employees.  They instead must enroll in the District of Columbia’s Health Exchange in order to obtain employment related health plan coverage.

Source : walberg.house.gov