explain how wallace uses one of the three rhetorical appeals to support the claim that alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation.
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Comparing Argument Techniques in Two Speeches Assignment Flashcards
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Comparing Argument Techniques in Two Speeches Assignment
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Which statement summarizes the claim that Wallace makes in his speech?
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Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation.
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What evidence does Wallace use to support his claim that Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation?
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He refers to the freedom to continue racial segregation based on the states' rights in the US Constitution.
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Terms in this set (6)
Which statement summarizes the claim that Wallace makes in his speech?
Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation.
What evidence does Wallace use to support his claim that Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation?
He refers to the freedom to continue racial segregation based on the states' rights in the US Constitution.
Which argument technique is used in the line, "Today I have stood, where once Jefferson Davis stood"?
appeal to ethos
Which argument technique does Wallace use most effectively in this passage?
repetition
Which techniques does Wallace use in this passage? Check all that apply.
appeal to pathos repetition
Explain how Wallace uses one of the three rhetorical appeals to support the claim that Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation.
Wallace used ethos to support the claim that Alabama has the right to continue policies of racial segregation. He referenced the US Constitution that says states should have their own rights. America does not have a king, and rights are divided among the states. Therefore, he says states should decide on issues of segregation.
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George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address
George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address
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George Wallace in 1968
George Wallace's Inaugural Address
Part of the Civil Rights Movement
Date January 14, 1963
Location Alabama State Capitol
Montgomery, Alabama show vte
Civil Rights Movement in Alabama
George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address was delivered January 14, 1963, following his election as governor of Alabama.[1] Wallace at this time in his career was an ardent segregationist, and as governor he challenged the attempts of the federal government to enforce laws prohibiting racial segregation in Alabama's public schools and other institutions. The speech is most famous for the phrase "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever", which became a rallying cry for those opposed to integration and the Civil Rights Movement.[2]Contents
1 Background
2 1962–63 campaign and Inaugural Address
3 Reactions 4 Legacy 5 References 6 External links
Background[edit]
Prior to his first campaign for governor in 1958, George Wallace (D) served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives and later as judge in the Third Judicial Circuit Court. During this time Wallace was known as a moderate on racial issues, and was associated with the progressive, liberal faction of Alabama politics.[3] During the 1958 gubernatorial campaign Wallace spoke out against the Ku Klux Klan, and although he endorsed segregation his centrist views won him the support of the NAACP.[4] In contrast, his opponent John Patterson accepted the endorsement of the Ku Klux Klan and made racial issues a major part of his campaign.[4]
Previous Alabama governors had run successfully on moderate platforms similar to the one Wallace adopted in 1958. However, the growing Civil Rights Movement, especially the Montgomery bus boycott three years earlier, had left white Alabamians feeling "under siege",[2] and Patterson won the race for governor by a large margin.
After this defeat, Wallace determined that in order to be elected governor he would have to change his position on racial issues, and told one of his campaign officials "I was out-niggered by John Patterson. And I'll tell you here and now, I will never be out-niggered again."[2]
1962–63 campaign and Inaugural Address[edit]
Entrance to the State Capitol, where the address was given.
Wallace's new stance on racial issues became apparent in 1959, when he was the only local circuit court judge who refused to turn over voting records to a federal commission investigating discrimination against black voters.[3] Threatened with jail,[] Wallace eventually complied and released the registration documents; however, his defiance earned him notoriety and signaled his new political position. Opposition to black voter registration efforts would become a part of his platform when Wallace ran for governor in 1962.
During that campaign, Wallace blamed integration for increases in crime and unemployment, as well as racial disturbances in other states.[5] Asa Carter, founder of a local Ku Klux Klan organization, was hired as a speechwriter for Wallace's campaign. Carter became a key member of Wallace's staff, resulting in "a new, fiery, hard-hitting style of campaigning".[3] Due to his connection to acts of racial violence, Carter was kept in the background during the campaign; however, his speeches proved to be popular among Wallace supporters.[6] Wallace's racial politicking and support of segregation resonated with Alabama voters and in 1962 he was elected governor, receiving more votes than any previous Alabama gubernatorial candidate.[4]
After his election, Wallace wanted to make it clear he intended to keep his campaign promise to fight against integration. Carter spent several weeks writing the inaugural address, and on January 14, 1963, after taking the oath of office, Wallace delivered it from the portico of the Alabama State Capitol. This was the exact place where Jefferson Davis had been sworn in as the President of the Confederate States of America, a fact that was pointedly noted in the speech.
During the speech Wallace declared:
In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.[7]
Both Carter and Wallace realized that would be the phrase for which his speech would be remembered.[8] The "tyranny" Wallace referred to was his way of characterizing the federal government's attempts at integration in Alabama. This was one of the central themes of his speech—that by implementing desegregation laws and policies, the federal government was oppressing the people of Alabama and depriving them of their rights. During his term as governor, Wallace would receive national attention as he continued to frame segregation as a states' rights issue, and integration as something imposed upon the South by the federal government.[2]
'Segregation Forever': A Fiery Pledge Forgiven, But Not Forgotten : NPR
On Jan. 14, 1963, Alabama Gov. George Wallace delivered an inauguration speech destined to go down in the history books. That now infamous line, "segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever," embodied a moment in U.S. history that changed the political landscape forever.
'Segregation Forever': A Fiery Pledge Forgiven, But Not Forgotten
January 10, 20135:09 PM ET
Heard on All Things Considered
RADIO DIARIES 8-Minute Listen
During his inaugural address on Jan. 14, 1963, newly elected Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace vowed "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever."
Bettmann/Corbis
It was just a single line in a speech given 50 years ago today. But that one phrase, "segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever," is remembered as one of the most vehement rallying cries against racial equality in American history.
The year was 1963. Civil rights activists were fighting for equal access to schools and the voting booth, and the federal government was preparing to intervene in many Southern states.
And on Jan. 14, in Montgomery, Ala., newly elected Gov. George Wallace, a Democrat, stepped up to a podium to deliver his inaugural address.
Historian Dan Carter, who wrote The Politics of Rage, a biography of George Wallace, recalls how the streets of Montgomery were packed the day of Wallace's inauguration. His followers from across the state crowded around the platform, Carter says, "many of them wearing these white flowers, which were meant to symbolize their commitment to white supremacy."
James L. Poe Jr., a former student activist and then-president of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP, says blacks were not invited to attend the event.
Sponsor Message
Listen to a portion of George Wallace's Jan. 14, 1963, inauguration speech
"It was open to the public, anyone in the public," he says. "But we were not the public."
A Fiery Speech, Heard Across The NationAll of the major news networks covered Wallace's inaugural address on national television that day. And Wallace, Carter says, decided to "milk that for everything that he can."
The late Wayne Greenhaw, a newspaper reporter in Montgomery at the time, made a similar observation. "He was putting on a show. He marched back and forth, shook his fist," Greenhaw recalled shortly before his death in 2011. "He was promising that he would stand alone for the Southern cause and the cause of the white people."
Wallace's speech — and its delivery — was "vehement ... mean spirited ... hateful. It's like a rattlesnake was hissing it, almost," Greenhaw said.
"Let us send this message back to Washington, via the representatives who are here with us today," Wallace told the crowd. "From this day, we are standing up, and the heel of tyranny does not fit the neck of an upright man.
"Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us, and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South," Wallace declared from the podium. "In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw a line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say, segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever."
'RADIO DIARIES'
The Artful Reinvention Of Klansman Asa Earl Carter
Wallace in the Schoolhouse Door
Poe, the former NAACP chapter president, says he and his colleagues were taken aback. "To hear the governor of a state get up and make the kind of comments that you would expect that someone in the back alley, with their sheets on and burning crosses would make — that was the thing that really caught us."
'Words Can Be Dangerous'Poe says Wallace was determined to continue to exercise states' rights — and to continue to segregate — "no matter what the Supreme Court said in Brown v. Board of Education, no matter what the federal government [was] saying."Sponsor Message
Reflecting on his response to the speech at the time, Rep. John Lewis, a Georgia Democrat, originally from Alabama, says he took Wallace's words personally. "My governor, this elected official, was saying in effect, you are not welcome, you are not welcome," Lewis says.
"Words can be very powerful. Words can be dangerous," Lewis says. "Gov. Wallace never pulled a trigger. He never fired a gun. But in his speech, he created the environment for others to pull the trigger, in the days, the weeks and months to come."
Indeed, violence quickly followed Wallace's inauguration, says Poe. "We began to feel the sting of the speech. People night-riding and burning crosses. The police beat down people and ran over them with horses, put tear gas on them."
And later that year, four girls were killed in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Alabama.
"This was a very a difficult time in the American South," Lewis says.
"Segregation now, segregation forever" quickly became Wallace's symbol, Greenhaw recalled. "Before Wallace made that speech, the editorial page editor of the Montgomery Advertiser tried to get Wallace to take out that part" of the speech. "And Wallace said, 'Without that, it won't stand up.'
Wallace in 1975, three years after he was paralyzed in an assassination attempt. In his later years, Wallace reached out to civil rights activists and black churches to ask forgiveness.
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