choose the correct description of the conveyor-like action of plate tectonics on earth.
James
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Chapter 9
85cards Annalisa B. Astronomy Solar System
Assume that the four terrestrial planets started out equally hot inside. Rank the planets based on their expected cooling rates, from fastest cooling to slowest cooling.
1. Mercury 2. Mars 3. Venus 4. Venus
(T/F) Smaller planets cool faster than larger planets.
True
Rank the planets (Mercury, Mars, and Earth) based on the amount of time the surface of the planet has had a moderate high level of volcanic/tectonic activity, from longest to shortest.
1. Earth (still has a great deal of tectonic activity) 2. Mars (much less ongoing tectonic activity) 3. Mercury (very little to no ongoing tectonic activity)
In the context of plate tectonics, what is a zone?
a place where a seafloor plate is sliding under a continental plate
Based on its surface features, the most important event on Venus in the past billion years or so was _____.
a global "repaving" that erased essentially all the surface features that had existed earlier
Which of the following does NOT provide evidence that Mars once had abundant liquid water on its surface? a) the presence of , discovered in the late 1800s by Giovanni Schiaparelli b) presence of "blueberries" made of the mineral hematite c) presence of very old craters that appear to have been eroded by rain d) presence of features that look like dried-up riverbeds
A
What are the basic requirements for a terrestrial world to have a global magnetic field?
a core layer of molten, convecting material, and sufficiently rapid rotation
Suppose we use a baseball to represent Earth. On this scale, the other terrestrial worlds (Mercury, Venus, the Moon, and Mars) would range in size approximately from that of ____________.
A golf ball to a baseball
terrestrial world's
a layer of relatively strong, rigid rock, encompassing the crust and part of the mantle
The major processes that heat the interiors of the terrestrial worlds are _____.
1) heat deposited as the planets were built from planetesimals 2) heat deposited as the planets underwent differentiation 3) heat released by radioactive decay
What best describes the lunar ?
Relatively smooth, flat plains on the Moon
Which of the following is NOT an example of tectonics? a) the formation of a cliff when the lithosphere shrinks b) the stretching of the crust by underlying mantle convection c) the slow movement of Earth's lithospheric plates d) the gradual disappearance of a crater rim as a result of wind and rain
D
What do we mean when we say that the terrestrial worlds underwent ?
When their interiors were molten, denser materials sank toward their centers and lighter materials rose toward their surfaces
From center to surface, what is the correct listing of the interior layers of a terrestrial world?
core, mantle, crust
Micrometeorites will eventually erase the footprints left by the astronauts. Moon hit by 25 million micrometeorite random impacts each day. 20 impacts to destroy footprint. How long would it take for it to be erased?
around 1 million years!!!
T/F There are numerous small streams flowing with water on Mars.
False. No liquid water exists on Mars today. However, prominent polar caps look much like Earth's polar caps, which leads to the suspicion that surface water only exists as frozen ice on Mars.
What Mars surface feature provides dramatic evidence that volcanism has played a role in shaping the surface of Mars?
Olympus Mons, which is a very large shield volcano.
Which geologic processes are most clearly evident in the Southern Highlands?
impact cratering and erosion
What describes our understanding of flowing water on Mars?
It was important once, but no longer.
How many of the five terrestrial worlds are considered "geologically dead?"
Mercury and the moon
What is the longest-lasting internal source responsible for geological activity?
radioactive decay
In general, what kind of planet would you expect to have the thickest lithosphere?
a small planet
Which of a planet's fundamental properties has the greatest effect on its level of volcanic and tectonic activity?
size
What single factor explains active tectonics and volcanism and an atmosphere produced by outgassing?
Large size, which means more internal heat.
What single change would allow a planet to have polar ice caps or liquid water?
A greater distance from its star because it would allow it to cool down.
(T/F) Rotation rate affects seasons.
False. Axis tilts do.
What single change would allow a planet to have strong winds and violent storms?
A faster rotation rate. The basic requirements for strong winds and violence terms are an atmosphere and a relatively rapid rotation. An atmosphere is necessary to have wind of any type, while rotation is necessary to create the forces that tend to drive winds on a planet's surface.
What do we conclude if a planet has few impact craters of any size?
Other geological processes have wiped out craters.
What is the name of the outer rigid layer of a planet?
lithosphere
Just as the surface area-to-volume ration depends on size, so can other properties. To see how, suppose that your size suddenly doubled- that is, your height, width, and depth all doubled. By what factor has your waist size increased?
Astronomy Chapter 9 Homework Flashcards
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Astronomy Chapter 9 Homework
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Rank the five terrestrial worlds in order of size from smallest to largest.
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Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
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What is differentiation in planetary geology?
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The process by which gravity separates materials according to density
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Terms in this set (61)
Rank the five terrestrial worlds in order of size from smallest to largest.
Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
What is differentiation in planetary geology?
The process by which gravity separates materials according to density
When we say that a liquid has a high viscosity, we mean that it
flows slowly like honey.
The lithosphere of a planet is the layer that consists of
the rigid rocky material of the crust and uppermost portion of the mantle.
The core, mantle, and crust of a planet are defined by differences in their
composition.
The terrestrial planet cores contain mostly metal because
metals sank to the center during a time when the interiors were molten throughout.
Which of the following best describes convection?
It is the process in which warm material expands and rises while cool material contracts and falls.
Which internal energy source produces heat by converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy?
both A and B
The main process by which heat flows upward through the lithosphere is
conduction.
Which of the terrestrial worlds has the strongest magnetic field?
Earth
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