a __________ is an opportunity for threats to gain access to individual or organizational assets.
James
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What is cybercrime? Definition from SearchSecurity
Cybercrime is any activity involving a computer, network or networked device for criminal means. Learn about how to prevent cybercrime, examples and more.
DEFINITION
cybercrime
Kate Brush, Technical Writer
Linda Rosencrance Michael Cobb
What is cybercrime?
Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device or a network.
While most cybercrimes are carried out in order to generate profit for the cybercriminals, some cybercrimes are carried out against computers or devices directly to damage or disable them. Others use computers or networks to spread malware, illegal information, images or other materials. Some cybercrimes do both -- i.e., target computers to infect them with a computer virus, which is then spread to other machines and, sometimes, entire networks.
A primary effect of cybercrime is financial. Cybercrime can include many different types of profit-driven criminal activity, including ransomware attacks, email and internet fraud, and identity fraud, as well as attempts to steal financial account, credit card or other payment card information.
Cybercriminals may target an individual's private information or corporate data for theft and resale. As many workers settle into remote work routines due to the pandemic, cybercrimes are expected to grow in frequency in 2021, making it especially important to protect backup data.
Defining cybercrime
The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) divides cybercrime into three categories:
crimes in which the computing device is the target -- for example, to gain network access;
crimes in which the computer is used as a weapon -- for example, to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack; and
crimes in which the computer is used as an accessory to a crime -- for example, using a computer to store illegally obtained data.
The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, to which the U.S. is a signatory, defines cybercrime as a wide range of malicious activities, including the illegal interception of data, system interferences that compromise network integrity and availability, and copyright infringements.
The necessity of internet connectivity has enabled an increase in the volume and pace of cybercrime activities because the criminal no longer needs to be physically present when committing a crime. The internet's speed, convenience, anonymity and lack of borders make computer-based variations of financial crimes -- such as ransomware, fraud and money laundering, as well as crimes such as stalking and bullying -- easier to carry out.
Cybercriminal activity may be carried out by individuals or groups with relatively little technical skill, Or by highly organized global criminal groups that may include skilled developers and others with relevant expertise. To further reduce the chances of detection and prosecution, cybercriminals often choose to operate in countries with weak or nonexistent cybercrime laws.
How cybercrime works
Cybercrime attacks can begin wherever there is digital data, opportunity and motive. Cybercriminals include everyone from the lone user engaged in cyberbullying to state-sponsored actors, like China's intelligence services.
Cybercrimes generally do not occur in a vacuum; they are, in many ways, distributed in nature. That is, cybercriminals typically rely on other actors to complete the crime. This is whether it's the creator of malware using the dark web to sell code, the distributor of illegal pharmaceuticals using cryptocurrency brokers to hold virtual money in escrow or state threat actors relying on technology subcontractors to steal intellectual property (IP).
Cybercriminals use various attack vectors to carry out their cyberattacks and are constantly seeking new methods and techniques for achieving their goals, while avoiding detection and arrest.
Cybercriminals often carry out their activities using malware and other types of software, but social engineering is often an important component for executing most types of cybercrime. Phishing emails are another important component to many types of cybercrime but especially so for targeted attacks, like business email compromise (BEC), in which the attacker attempts to impersonate, via email, a business owner in order to convince employees to pay out bogus invoices.
A list of the different types of cybercrimes
Types of cybercrime
As mentioned above, there are many different types of cybercrime. Most cybercrimes are carried out with the expectation of financial gain by the attackers, though the ways cybercriminals aim to get paid can vary. Some specific types of cybercrimes include the following:
Cyberextortion:A crime involving an attack or threat of an attack coupled with a demand for money to stop the attack. One form of cyberextortion is the ransomware attack. Here, the attacker gains access to an organization's systems and encrypts its documents and files -- anything of potential value -- making the data inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Usually, this is in some form of cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin.Cryptojacking:An attack that uses scripts to mine cryptocurrencies within browsers without the user's consent. Cryptojacking attacks may involve loading cryptocurrency mining software to the victim's system. However, many attacks depend on JavaScript code that does in-browser mining if the user's browser has a tab or window open on the malicious site. No malware needs to be installed as loading the affected page executes the in-browser mining code.BCOR 330 CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
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BCOR 330 CHAPTER 10
A __________ is an opportunity for threats to gain access to individual or organizational assets.
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vulnerability
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An employee who believes he is about to be terminated intentionally destroys data. This is an example of which type of threat?
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Computer crime
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Terms in this set (34)
A __________ is an opportunity for threats to gain access to individual or organizational assets.
vulnerability
An employee who believes he is about to be terminated intentionally destroys data. This is an example of which type of threat?
Computer crime
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?
Forms of usurpation deny access to legitimate users.
A difficult aspect of understanding the cost of computer security threats is the fact that most data are based on __________ methods that have several weaknesses.
survey
Your personal IS security goal should be to find an effective trade-off between __________ and __________.
risk of loss; cost of safeguards
Which is the single most important safeguard that an individual computer user can implement?
Using strong passwords
An organization's policy statement about customer data should include all of the following elements EXCEPT __________.
what field is used as the primary key
When it comes to risk of security threats and losses, __________.
risks cannot be eliminated
In a security system the purpose of a username is to __________.
provide identification
Preventing unauthorized network access using hardware or a hardware/software combination is accomplished with a(n) __________.
firewall
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ch 10 Flashcards
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ch 10
57cards Computer Science
Management Information Systems
what types of security loss exists?
1. unauthorized data disclosure. 2. incorrect data modification. 3. faulty service. 4. denial of service. 5. loss of infrastructure
1. unauthorized data disclosure
pretexting, phishing, spoofing, drive by sniffers, hacking
2. incorrect data modification
procedures incorrectly designed or not followed, increasing a customers discount or employee salary, placing incorrect data on company site, improper internal controls on systems, system errors, faulty recovery after disaster
3. faulty service
incorrect data mod, systems working incorrectly, procedural mistakes, programming errors, IT errors, usurpation, denial of service (intentional or unintentional)
4. loss of infrastructure
human accidents, theft and terrorist events, disgruntled or terminated employees, natural disasters, advanced persistent threat
goal of IS security
appropriate trade off between risk of loss and cost of implementing safeguards, use of antivirus, deleting browser cookies, making appropriate trade offs
how should you respond to security threats?
take it seriously, create strong passwords, multiple passwords, no valuable info via email or IM, remove high value assets from computers, regularly update antivirus.
how should organizations respond to security threats?
senior management creates company wide policies: what sensitive data will be stored? how will data be processed? will data be shared with other orgs? how can employees obtain copies of data stored? senior management manages risks
security safeguards and the 5 components
hardware/software = tehnical safeguards. data = data safeguards. procedures/people = human safeguards
how can technical safeguards protect against security threats?
identification and authentication. encryption, firewalls, malware protection, design for secure applications
technical safeguards
identification and authentication = samrt cards, biometric authentication. encryption = symmetric encryption, asymmetric enryption, public encryption.
Types of viruses
payload, trojan horses, worms, spyware, adware
virus symptoms
slow system start up, sluggish system performance, many pop up advertisements, suspicious browser homepage changes, changes to taskbar, unusual hard disk activity
malware safeguards
install antivirus and antispyware, scan your computer frequently, update malware definitions, open email attachments from known sources, browse only reputable websites
how can data safeguards protect against security threats?
define data policies, data rights and responsibilies, rights enforced by user accounts, data encryption, back up and recovery procedures, physical security
how can human safeguards protect against security threats?
position definition, separate duties and authorities, determine least privilege, document position sensitivity, dissemination and enforcement, responsibility, accountability, compliance
how should orgs respond to security incidents?
have plan in place, centralized reporting, specific repsonses, practice
threat
a person or organization that seeks to obtain or alter data or other IS assets illegally, without the owners' permission.
human error ex
A new employee does not fully understand the procedures involved when updating customer information and fails to complete all the changes needed
vulnerability
an opportunity for threats to gain access to individual or organizational assets.
threat
a person or organization that seeks to obtain or alter data or other IS assets illegally, without the owner's permission, and often without the owner's knowledge.
safeguard
some measure that individuals or organizations take to block the threat from obtaining the asset.
pretexting
deceiving someone over the Internet by pretending to be another person or organization, usually for the purpose of obtaining sensitive information.
A difficult aspect of understanding the cost of computer security threats is the fact that most data is based on _________ methods that have a number of weaknesses.
survey malicious insiders
the costliest type of computer crime for most organizations
what is the cost of computer crime?
No one knows the true costs of computer crimes because there is no standard for tallying crime costs.
malicious insiders are
increasingly becoming a serious security threat.
Your personal IS security goal should be to find an effective trade-off between ______ and _________.
risk of loss; cost of safeguards
Which is the single most important safeguard that an individual computer user can implement?
using strong passwords
intrusion detection system
a computer program that senses when another computer is attempting to scan or access a computer or network.
brute force attack
try every possible combo, can crack a 6 character pw in 5mins, requires 8.5 days to crack a strong 6 character pw, 10 digit pw takes 4.5 years to crack.
when it comes to risk of security threats and losses,
A second senior management security function is to manage risk. Risk cannot be eliminated, so managing risk means to proactively balance the trade-off between risk and cost.
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